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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biometeorology: Journal of the International Society of Biometeorology >Influence of meteorological parameters during the preceding fall and winter on the questing activity of nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks
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Influence of meteorological parameters during the preceding fall and winter on the questing activity of nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks

机译：前秋季气象参数的影响与冬季腹水曲线蜱的任务活动

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摘要

Wood ticks, Ixodes ricinus L., serve as vectors for various pathogens and are ubiquitous throughout Central Europe. Survival and development of I. ricinus depend on biotic and abiotic factors. We examined whether relative humidity (RH), air (T (a) ) and soil temperatures (T (s) ), or snow depth during November through February affect the questing activity of ticks during their subsequent season of activity. We related the number of host-seeking nymphs to meteorological parameters measured in close proximity at minutely intervals over the period of 6 years (2010-2015) in an urban park in Berlin. We defined thresholds at which associations appeared strongest. Although the annual variations in RH, T (a) , and snow depth were typical of the mid-latitudes, the questing activity of nymphs during their first peak of activity (March through July) varied among the 6 years more than threefold. The accumulated hours of RH below 77% in 2 m height during November through February affected the questing activity of nymphs during the following activity peak. In contrast to T (a) , accumulated hours of T (s) below -1 A degrees C in 0.02 m depth or below -4 A degrees C in 0.05 m depth during the preceding period significantly influenced the average number of nymphs questing during spring. Our observations suggest that RH, T (s) , and snow cover during the preceding months affect the questing activity of nymphal I. ricinus during their first peak of activity. Snow cover serves as an insulator between the atmosphere and soil, which not only stabilizes T (s) but also appears to protect ticks from exposure to frost and frequent temperature shifts.
机译：木蜱蜱，Ixodes Ricinus L.，用作各种病原体的载体，并且在整个中欧普遍存在。生存和发展I. Ricinus取决于生物和非生物因素。我们检查了相对湿度（RH），空气（T（A））和土壤温度（T（S）），或者在11月到2月期间的雪深度影响他们在随后的活动季节期间蜱的任务活动。我们在柏林市区城市公园的6年（2010-2015）中，在柏林的城市公园的时间间隔内以近距离测量的气象参数的宿主若虫的数量。我们定义了关联的阈值最强。虽然RH，T（A）和雪深的年度变化是中纬度的典型，但若虫在第一个活动峰值期间的任务活动（3月至7月）在6年内多于三倍。 11月至2月在11月至2月期间，高于2米的累积时间低于77％，影响以下活动峰期间若虫的任务活动。与T（a）相比，在前期期间的0.02米深度或低于-4℃的0.02米深度下的T（s）的累积时间显着影响了春季期间若干若虫的平均若虫数目。我们的观察结果表明，前几个月的RH，T（s）和雪覆盖会影响七分之一的七分之一的七分之一的活动期间的任务活动。雪覆盖用作大气和土壤之间的绝缘体，这不仅稳定了T（s），而且似乎似乎可以保护蜱免受暴露于霜冻和频繁的温度变化。

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