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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Refrigeration >Refrigerants used in the Portuguese food industry: Current status
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Refrigerants used in the Portuguese food industry: Current status

机译：葡萄牙食品工业中使用的制冷剂：现状

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Owing to environmental problems arising from the use of refrigerants, first the ozone depletion and later the global warming, various refrigerants have been banned and their phaseout deadlines established through some international protocols, the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols being two of the most famous of such agreements. This paper intends to make a characterization of the most currently used refrigerants in the Portuguese food industry, through a sample of 148 companies gathered in a nationwide survey. It also aims to analyse not only the environmental impacts of these refrigerants, but also the restrictions that these companies may incur according to the EU Regulation No. 517/2014, such as maintenance and service bans or cap and phase-down on the supply. Finally, according to other research and tests reports, some possible replacements for two of the most commonly used refrigerants (R404A and R22) which are being phased down, are summarized. According to the research, there are some satisfactory mid-term and long-term alternatives available for R22 and R404A that have much lower GWP, allowing systems to achieve higher efficiencies and in turn, lower environmental impacts during their service life. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.
机译：由于制冷剂的使用产生的环境问题，首先臭氧耗尽和后来全球变暖，各种制冷剂被禁止，通过一些国际协议，蒙特利尔和京都议定书建立了他们的淘汰期限，是其中最着名的此类协议。本文旨在通过在全国范围的调查中聚集的148家公司的样本来表征葡萄牙食品行业中最常用的制冷剂。它还旨在分析这些制冷剂的环境影响，也是根据欧盟规定的第517/2014号规定，如维护和服务禁令或持平，对供应进行逐步逐步进行分析。最后，根据其他研究和测试报告，总结了两种最常用的制冷剂（R404A和R22）的一些可能的替换，这些制冷剂（R404A和R22）被逐渐下降。根据该研究，有一些令人满意的中期和长期替代品可用于R22和R404a，其GWP远低得多，允许系统实现更高的效率，然后又较低，在他们的使用寿命期间降低环境影响。 （c）2017年Elsevier Ltd和IIR。版权所有。

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