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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management >Performance-related specification and payment modifiers in highway construction projects
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Performance-related specification and payment modifiers in highway construction projects

机译：高速公路建设项目中的性能相关规范和支付修饰

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Purpose - The ability to measure and assess "quality" is essential in building and maintaining a safe and effective transportation system. Attaining acceptable quality outcomes in transportation projects has been a reoccurring problem at both the federal and state levels, at least partially, as a result of poorly developed, inefficient or nonexistent quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) processes. The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a new QA/QC process that focuses on a novel double-bounded performance-related specification (PRS) and corresponding pay factor policy that includes both lower and upper quality acceptance and payment reward boundaries for bridge concrete.Design/methodology/approach - The authors use historical data to design different payment scenarios illustrating likely industry responses to the new PRS, and select the single scenario that best balances risk between the agency and industry. The authors then convert that payment scenario to a pay factor schedule using a search heuristic and determine statistical compliance with the PRS using percent-within-limits (PWL). Findings - The methodology offers an innovative approach for developing an initial set of pay factors when lifecycle cost data are lacking and the PRS are new or modified. An important finding is that, with a double-bounded PRS, it is not possible to represent pay factors using the simplified table PWL currently employed in practice because each PWL value occupies two separate positions in the payment structure - one above the design target and one below it. Therefore, a more detailed set of pay factors must be employed which explicitly specify the mean sample value and the design target. The approach is demonstrated in practice for the Agency of Transportation in state of Vermont.Research limitations/implications - The authors demonstrate a novel approach for developing a double-bounded PRS and introduce a payment incentive/disincentive policy with the goal of improving total product quality. The new pay factor policy includes both a payment penalty below the contracted price for failing to meet a specified performance criterion as well as a payment premium above the contracted price that increases as the sample product specification approaches an "ideal" design value. The PRS includes both an upper and lower acceptance boundary for the finished product as opposed to only a lower tail acceptance boundary, which is the traditional approach.Practical implications - The authors illustrate a research collaboration between academia and a state agency that highlights the role academic research can play in advancing quality management practices. The study involves the use of actual product performance data and is operational as opposed to conceptual in nature. Finally, the authors offer important practical insights and guidance by demonstrating how a new PRS and pay factor policy can be developed without the use of site-specific historical lifecycle cost (LCC) data that include detailed manufacturing, producing and placement cost data, as data related to product performance over time. This is an important contribution, as the development and implementation of pay factor policies typically involve the use of historical LCC data. However, in many cases, these data are not available or may be incomplete. Social implications - With the new PRS and pay factor schedule, the Agency expects shrinkage and cracking on bridge decks to decrease along with overall maintenance and rehabilitation costs. A major focus the new PRS is to actively involve industry partners in quality improvement efforts. Originality/value - The authors focus on a major modification to an existing QA/QC process that involves the development of a new PRS and an associated pay factor policy undertaken by the Vermont Agency of Transportation. The authors use empirical data to develop a novel double bounded PRS and payment schedule for concrete and offer unique operation
机译：目的 - 衡量和评估“质量”的能力在建设和维护安全有效的交通系统方面是必不可少的。由于发达不良，低效或不存在的质量保证/质量控制（QA / QC）流程，至少部分地，在联邦和州水平中，在交通工程中的可接受质量结果一直是在联邦和州水平的重新核诊问题。本文的目的是开发和实施一个新的QA / QC过程，专注于新的双界性能相关规范（PRS）和相应的薪酬因子政策，包括桥梁的较低和上高质量接受和支付奖励边界Concrete.Design/Methodology/ApproCh - 作者使用历史数据来设计不同的付款场景，说明对新PRS的可能性回应，并选择单一方案，即代理商和行业之间的风险最佳余额。然后，作者使用搜索启发式将该付款方式转换为薪酬因子计划，并使用限值百分比（PWL）确定与PRS的统计符合性。调查结果 - 方法提供了一种在缺乏生命周期成本数据时开发初始薪酬因素的创新方法，并且PRS是新的或修改的。一个重要的发现是，通过双限定的PRS，不可能使用当前在实践中采用的简化表PWL表示薪酬因子，因为每个PWL值占据支付结构中的两个单独的位置 - 一个上方设计目标和一个在它下面。因此，必须采用更详细的薪酬因子，该组织明确指定了平均样本值和设计目标。在维尔蒙特州的运输代理人实践中证明了该方法。研究限制/影响 - 提交人展示了开发双界公关的新方法，并引入了提高产品质量的目标的支付激励/抑制政策。新的薪酬因素政策包括低于合同价格的支付罚款，未能达到指定的绩效标准以及以上方的收缩价格增加，随着样品产品规格接近“理想”设计价值。该PRS包括成品的上下验收边界，而不是仅为较低的尾部接受边界，这是传统方法。作者说明了学术界和国家机构之间的研究合作，突出了学术作用研究可以在推进质量管理实践方面发挥作用。该研究涉及使用实际的产品性能数据，并且与本质上的概念相比是可操作的。最后，作者通过展示新的PRS和支付因子政策可以在不使用包括详细制造，生产和放置成本数据的情况下，提供了新的PRS和薪酬因素策略，提供了重要的实践洞察和指导。随着时间的推移与产品性能相关。这是一个重要的贡献，因为薪酬因子政策的开发和实施通常涉及使用历史LCC数据。但是，在许多情况下，这些数据不可用或可能不完整。社会影响 - 随着新的PRS和薪酬因素时间表，该机构预计桥梁甲板上的收缩和开裂随着整体维护和康复成本而减少。新公关的重大关注是积极涉及行业合作伙伴的质量改进努力。原创性/价值 - 作者关注对现有QA / QC进程的重大修改，涉及开发新的公关和由佛蒙特州运输机构进行的相关薪酬因素政策。作者使用经验数据来开发一种新型双界的PRS和用于混凝土的付款时间表，并提供独特的操作

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