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New Concepts in Nutritional Management of Dry Cows

机译：干奶牛营养管理的新概念

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Low-energy diets during the early (far-off) dry period show promise in decreasing health problems in fresh cows, and may be more important than typical close-up diets. Addition of chopped straw to a TMR is a popular method to decrease ration energy density while allowing cows to eat all they want. Several factors may impact the success of this approach, and those factors are summarized in this article. Dry cow nutrition has been an active area of research over the last half-century. In particular, the last two decades have seen intensive interest in management of cows during the so-called "close-up" or "transition" period, generally considered to be about the last 21 days before calving through 21 days after calving (Grummer, 1995). The intense research effort has resulted in better understanding of the biology of cows during this turbulent period, and some insight into how to feed cows during the close-up dry period. However, the lack of repeatable success with close-up dry period nutrition programs in decreasing the occurrence of health disorders and increasing subsequent milk production has been frustrating and problematic to farmers, nutritionists, and researchers (Drackley, 1999).
机译：干旱早期（偏远期）的低能量饮食显示出有望减少新鲜母牛的健康问题，并且比典型的近距离饮食更重要。在TMR中添加切碎的稻草是降低口粮能量密度的一种流行方法，同时允许奶牛吃所有想要的东西。有几个因素可能影响此方法的成功，本文总结了这些因素。在过去的半个世纪中，干牛营养一直是研究的活跃领域。特别是在过去的二十年里，人们对所谓的“特写”或“过渡”时期的母牛管理有了浓厚的兴趣，通常认为这是在产犊前的最后21天到产犊后的21天（Grummer， 1995）。大量的研究工作使人们对这种动荡时期的母牛的生物学有了更好的了解，并对如何在近距离干旱期喂养母牛提供了一些见识。然而，近距离干旱时期营养计划在减少健康失调的发生和随后增加牛奶产量方面缺乏可重复的成功，这对农民，营养学家和研究人员来说是令人沮丧和成问题的（Drackley，1999）。

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