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首页> 外文期刊>Izvestiya. Physics of the solid earth >Evolution of Views on the Structure of Sources of Strong Earthquakes at the End of XX and Beginning of XXI Centuries
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Evolution of Views on the Structure of Sources of Strong Earthquakes at the End of XX and Beginning of XXI Centuries

机译：XX末端强大地震源结构的观点的演变与XXI世纪初

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The evolution of scientific views on the structure of the sources of strong earthquakes at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21th century in Russia is considered. The lack of a clear, consistent understanding of the structure of sources of the strongest seismic events was initially typical of the scientific concepts that emerged in the main developed countries. In the 1950s, at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the USSR Academy of Sciences, G.A. Gamburtsev formulated a hypothesis about the stability of the seismic regime of a system of seismic sutures over a long period of time (a few hundred years). The seismic sources of the recently studied earthquakes are located in the regions of large faults. With the increase in magnitude, they become more extended and structurally complex. In the considered cases, there are sources that are relatively simply to reconstruct, which encompass the fault planes of the large existing faults (Spitak source, M = 6.8), as well as sources that are more complex, formed in the disjunctive nodes, or those that encompass the crustal blocks. For example, the seismic source of the Altai earthquake (M = 7.3) is characterized by a volumetric structure and is developed along the boundaries of the large seismogenic blocks. The source of the Wenchuan earthquake (M = 7.9) is most complicated. It appears as a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of a few crustal blocks framed by two extended northeast striking faults and separated by a transverse fault of the northwestern orientation. The sources having a different focal structure differently manifest themselves in the structure of seismic dislocations on the surface and in the distribution of aftershock hypocenters at depth. The anomalously low velocity "pockets" that were identified by the method of local seismic tomography in the source areas of the Spitak and Altai earthquakes and that accompany the main and secondary faults at depth are likely to be the zones of the
机译：考虑了俄罗斯20世纪末和21世纪初强大地震来源结构科学观点的演变。缺乏清晰，一​​致地理解最强地震事件的来源结构最初是在主要发达国家出现的科学概念的典型。在20世纪50年代，在苏利特苏联科学院地球科学研究所，G.A. Gamburtsev在很长一段时间内（几百年）在抗震缝合系统的地震制度稳定性方面制定了一个假设。最近研究的地震的地震来源位于大故障的区域。随着幅度的增加，它们变得更加延长和结构性复杂。在考虑的情况下，有源相对简单地重建，它包括大型现有故障的故障平面（Spitak源，M = 6.8），以及在析出节点中形成的更复杂的源，或者那些包括地壳块的人。例如，阿尔泰地震（M = 7.3）的地震源的特征在于体积结构，并且沿着大脱模块的界限开发。汶川地震（M = 7.9）的来源最复杂。它看起来是由两个扩展的东北引人注目的几个框架框架构成的三维（3D）结构，并通过西北方向的横向故障分开。具有不同焦点结构的来源在表面上的地震脱位结构中表现出不同的形式，并且在深度处的余震低血管的分布。通过斯普塔克和阿尔泰地震源地区的局部地震层析成像法鉴定的异常低速“袋”，并且伴随着深度的主要和次要故障可能是区域的区域

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