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Quantifying carbon stocks in shifting cultivation landscapes under divergent management scenarios relevant to REDD+

机译：与Redd +相关的分歧管理情景下综合栽培景观中的碳股

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摘要

Shifting cultivation dominates many tropical forest regions. It is expanding into oldgrowth forests, and fallow period duration is rapidly decreasing, limiting secondary forest recovery. Shifting cultivation is thus a major driver of carbon emissions through deforestation and forest degradation, and of biodiversity loss. The impacts of shifting cultivation on carbon stocks have rarely been quantified, and the potential for carbon-based payments for ecosystem services (PES), such as REDD+, to protect carbon in shifting cultivation landscapes is unknown. We present empirical data on aboveground carbon stocks in old-growth forest and shifting cultivation landscapes in northeast India, a hotspot of threatened biodiversity. We then model landscape-level carbon stocks under business- as-usual scenarios, via expansion into the old-growth forest or decreasing fallow periods, and intervention scenarios in which REDD+ is used to either reduce deforestation of primary or secondary forest or increase fallow period duration. We found substantial recovery of carbon stocks as secondary forest regenerates, with a 30-yr fallow storing about one-half the carbon of an old-growth forest. Business- as-usual scenarios led to substantial carbon loss, with an 80% reduction following conversion of old-growth forest to a 30-yr shifting cultivation cycle and, relative to a 30-yr cultivation landscape, a 70% reduction when switching to a 5-yr cultivation cycle. Sparing old-growth forests from deforestation using protected areas and intensifying cropping in the remaining area of shifting cultivation is the most optimal strategy for carbon storage. In areas lacking old-growth forest, substantial carbon stocks accumulate over time by sparing fallows for permanent forest regeneration. Successful implementation of REDD+ in shifting cultivation landscapes can help avert global climate change by protecting forest carbon, with likely co-benefits for biodiversity.
机译：移位种植占据了许多热带森林地区。它正在扩展到旧森林，休耕期持续时间迅速下降，限制二次森林恢复。因此，换层栽培是通过森林砍伐和森林退化以及生物多样性损失的主要驱动因素。转移培养对碳储量的影响很少已经量化，并且对生态系统服务（PE）的基于碳的支付潜力，例如REDD +，以保护碳栽培景观的碳酸普遍存在。我们在古老的成长森林和地上碳股上的实证数据展示了东北印度东北地上的耕种景观，威胁生物多样性的热点。然后，我们通过扩展到旧的森林或降低休耕期，以及冗长+的干预方案，旨在减少森林或次要森林的砍伐森林或逐步森林或增加休耕期的干预方案期间。我们发现碳股的大量恢复为二级森林再生，30年代休耕地储存了旧生长森林的碳的一半。常规方案导致了大量碳损失，随着旧成长林转化为30 yr换档栽培周期，相对于30年代培养景观，交换时减少70％，减少80％ 5年培养循环。使用受保护区域的砍伐森林植物的旧成长森林以及在耕作培养的剩余区域中加强种植是碳储存最佳的最佳策略。在缺乏旧生长森林的地区，通过对永久性森林再生的休息，大量碳储存随着时间的推移积累。成功实施Redd +在转换栽培景观中可以通过保护森林碳，实现森林碳，可能有可能有助于生物多样性的共同利益。

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