Exploring an ‘ideal hill': how lithology and transport mechanisms affect the possibility of a steady state during weathering and erosion

Lebedeva Marina I.; Brantley Susan L.

摘要

ABSTRACT >We present a model of chemical reaction within hills to explore how evolving porosity (and by inference, permeability) affects flow pathways and weathering. The model consists of hydrologic and reactive‐transport equations that describe alteration of ferrous minerals and feldspar. These reactions were chosen because previous work emphasized that oxygen‐ and acid‐driven weathering affects porosity differently in felsic and mafic rocks. A parameter controlling the order of the fronts is presented. In the absence of erosion, the two reaction fronts move at different velocities and the relative depths depend on geochemical conditions and starting composition. In turn, the fronts and associated changes in porosity drastically affect both the vertical and lateral velocities of water flow. For these cases, estimates of weathering advance rates based on simple models that posit unidirectional constant‐velocity advection do not apply. >In the model hills, weathering advance rates diminish with time as the Darcy velocities decrease with depth. The system can thus attain a dynamical steady state at any erosion rate where the regolith thickness is constant in time and velocities of both fronts become equal to one another and to the erosion rate. The slower the advection velocities in a system, the faster it attains a steady state. For example, a massive rock with relatively fast‐dissolving minerals such as diabase – where solute transport across the reaction front mainly occurs by diffusion – can reach a steady state more quickly than granitoid rocks in which advection contributes to solute transport. The attainment of a steady state is controlled by coupling between weathering and hydrologic processes that force water to flow horizontally above reaction fronts where permeability changes rapidly with depth and acts as a partial barrier to fluid flow. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >我们在山丘内提出了一种化学反应模型，探讨了孔隙率（以及推理，渗透率）如何影响流动途径和风化。该模型包括用于描述铁矿石和长石的改变的水文和反应性方程。选择这些反应，因为先前的工作强调，氧气和酸驱动的风化在术术和MAFIC岩石中影响孔隙率。呈现控制前线顺序的参数。在没有侵蚀的情况下，两个反应前沿在不同的速度下移动，相对深度取决于地球化学条件和起始组合物。反过来，孔隙率的前部和相关变化大大影响了水流的垂直和横向速度。对于这些情况，基于简单模型的风化提前速率的估计不适用于单向恒定速度平流的简单模型。</ p> >在模型山丘中，随着Darcy速度随深度的降低而随着时间的推移，风化的提前率随着时间的推移而减小。因此，系统可以以任何腐蚀速率达到动态稳态状态，其中极象厚度在两端的时间和速度等于彼此等于彼此等于彼此等于且侵蚀率。系统中的平流速度越慢，它达到稳定状态。例如，具有相对快速溶解的矿物质的巨大岩石，例如玻璃醛酶 - 其中通过扩散主要发生在反应前的溶质输送 - 可以比花岗岩岩石更快地达到稳定状态，在这种情况下，它的促进有助于溶质岩石。通过在耐候性和水文过程之间耦合来控制稳态的达到稳定状态来控制水平地在反应前方水平流动，其中渗透性随深度迅速变化并用作流体流动的部分屏障。出版了2020年。本文是美国政府工作，并在美国的公共领域。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2020年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共14页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lebedeva Marina I.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lebedeva Marina I.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Brantley Susan L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Brantley Susan L.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Earth and Environmental Systems InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA USA;</p> <p>Earth and Environmental Systems InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">erosion;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hillslope&option=203" rel="nofollow">hillslope;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hydrology&option=203" rel="nofollow">hydrology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=reactive transport modeling&option=203" rel="nofollow">reactive transport modeling;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=weathering&option=203" rel="nofollow">weathering;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：侵蚀;山坡;水文;反应运输建模;风化; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> 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href="/patent-detail/06120818059.html">在唾液中无侵蚀可能性的酸性固体口服组合物及测定唾液中侵蚀可能性的方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN101060888B </span> <span> . 2011.08.24</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120105264946.html">在唾液中无侵蚀可能性的酸性固体口服组合物及测定唾液中侵蚀可能性的方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN101060888A </span> <span> . 2007-10-24</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130455363811.html">METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF BENEFICIATION POSSIBILITY OF TIN-CARRYING ORES IN WEATHERING HILLS OF RARE-EARTH METAL DEPOSITS</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  RU2084932C1 </span> <span> . 1997-07-20</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：稀土金属矿山风化山中锡矿成矿可能性的测定方法 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130443646225.html">Mechanism for speed 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