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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Overestimation of short-term coastal cliff retreat rates in the eastern Mediterranean resolved with a sediment budget approach
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Overestimation of short-term coastal cliff retreat rates in the eastern Mediterranean resolved with a sediment budget approach

机译：高估了东地中海东部地中海的短期沿海悬崖撤退率，沉积预算方法解决了

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Our understanding of sea-cliff erosion processes and their response to recent and/or projected environmental changes such as sea-level rise, climate change and anthropogenic development hinges on our ability to quantify sea-cliff retreat rates and their variability through time. Here, we focus on Israel's Mediterranean 'Sharon' sea-cliff as a case study for examining the significance of recent short-term (i.e. annual to decadal) cliff-top retreat rates that appear to exceed longer-term rates of 'background' (i.e. centennial to millennial) retreat by 1-2 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that an inherent sampling bias in rate estimates inferred from observation intervals shorter than process episodicity can also explain such a pattern. This potential ambiguity leads to a striking paradox where despite highly accurate and robust documentation of recent cliff-top retreat, such as that obtained from aerial photographs and/or instrumental surveys, the short-term retreat rates of episodically retreating sea cliffs remain poorly constrained. To address this key data gap along the Sharon sea cliff we employed a sediment budget approach that focuses on quantifying the continuous wave scouring of cliff-collapsed material from the shore platform as a rate-limiting process for episodic retreat of the cliff above. We used four high-resolution (0.5 m/pixel) airborne LiDAR data sets acquired between 2006 and 2015 to determine short-term maximum retreat rates of up to similar to 0.08 m/yr during this nine-year period. These modern retreat rates compare to the cliff's background retreat rate of 0.03 to 0.09 m/yr since the mid-Holocene, as determined herein from multiple geologic and archeological observations. Our results demonstrate that previously reported twentieth century cliff-top retreat rates for this sea cliff, which range up to values of several meters per year, are biased and that sea-cliff erosion rates have not yet been significantly impacted by recent environmental ch
机译：我们对海崖侵蚀过程的理解及其对近期和/或预测的环境变化的回应，如海平面上升，气候变化和人为发展丧在我们通过时间量化海崖撤退率的能力及其变异性。在这里，我们专注于以色列的地中海'Sharon'海崖作为检查近期短期（即年度至十二次）悬崖 - 顶级撤退率的案例研究，这些悬浮率似乎超过了“背景”的长期税率（即百年到千禧一代）逐渐退回1-2级数量级。我们证明，从比过程扩展性短的观察间隔推断的速率估计中固有的采样偏差也可以解释这种模式。这种潜在的歧义导致了一个引人注目的悖论，尽管最近的近期悬崖撤退的高度准确和坚固的文档，例如从航天照片和/或仪器调查中获得的，但是揭开海绵悬崖的短期退避速率仍然受到严重的限制。为了解决沿着沙龙海崖的这种关键数据差距，我们采用了沉积物预算方法，专注于量化悬崖平台的悬崖塌陷材料的连续波冲洗，作为上面悬崖悬崖的集速撤退的速率限制过程。我们在2006年至2015年间获得了四个高分辨率（0.5米/像素）的空气传播的LIDAR数据集，以确定九年期间的短期最大退出率高达0.08米/年。这些现代撤退率与悬崖的后期后退率与中全新世以来的悬崖背景下拉速率相比，如本文中的多种地质和考古观察所确定的。我们的结果表明，此前报告的这种海悬崖的悬崖顶级撤退率，达到每年数米的价值观，被偏见，海悬崖侵蚀率尚未受到最近的环境CH的显着影响

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