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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Mitigating systematic error in topographic models for geomorphic change detection: accuracy, precision and considerations beyond off-nadir imagery
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Mitigating systematic error in topographic models for geomorphic change detection: accuracy, precision and considerations beyond off-nadir imagery

机译：在地貌变化检测的地形模型中缓解系统误差：超越Nadir图像的准确性，精度和考虑因素

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure-from-motion photogrammetry enable detailed quantification of geomorphic change. However, rigorous precision-based change detection can be compromised by survey accuracy problems producing systematic topographic error (e.g. 'doming'), with error magnitudes greatly exceeding precision estimates. Here, we assess survey sensitivity to systematic error, directly correcting topographic data so that error magnitudes align more closely with precision estimates. By simulating conventional grid-style photogrammetric aerial surveys, we quantify the underlying relationships between survey accuracy, camera model parameters, camera inclination, tie point matching precision and topographic relief, and demonstrate a relative insensitivity to image overlap. We show that a current doming-mitigation strategy of using a gently inclined (<15 degrees) camera can reduce accuracy by promoting a previously unconsidered correlation between decentring camera lens distortion parameters and the radial terms known to be responsible for systematic topographic error. This issue is particularly relevant for the wide-angle cameras often integrated into current-generation, accessible UAV systems, frequently used in geomorphic research. Such systems usually perform on-board image pre-processing, including applying generic lens distortion corrections, that subsequently alter parameter interrelationships in photogrammetric processing (e.g. partially correcting radial distortion, which increases the relative importance of decentring distortion in output images). Surveys from two proglacial forefields (Arolla region, Switzerland) showed that results from lower-relief topography with a 10 degrees-inclined camera developed vertical systematic doming errors > 0 center dot 3 m, representing accuracy issues an order of magnitude greater than precision-based error estimates. For higher-relief topography, and for nadir-imaging surveys of the lower-relief topography, systematic error was < 0 center dot 09 m. Modelling and subtracting the systematic error directly from the topographic data successfully reduced error magnitudes to values consistent with twice the estimated precision. Thus, topographic correction can provide a more robust approach to uncertainty-based detection of event-scale geomorphic change than designing surveys with small off-nadir camera inclinations and, furthermore, can substantially reduce ground control requirements. (c) 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
机译：无人驾驶飞行器（无人机）和结构从运动摄影测量，使得大形状变化的详细量化。然而，严谨的基于精度的变化检测可以通过产生系统地形误差的调查精度问题来损害（例如'DOMING'），误差大大超过精度估计。在这里，我们评估了系统误差的调查敏感性，直接校正地形数据，使得误差大小与精度估计更密切地对齐。通过模拟传统的电网风格摄影测量电池调查，我们量化了测量准确性，相机模型参数，相机倾斜，系数匹配精度和地形浮雕的潜在关系，并证明了对图像重叠的相对不敏感性。我们表明，使用轻微倾斜（<15度）相机的电流DOING缓解策略可以通过促进所谓的被称为系统地形误差的径向术语之间先前未被诊断的相关性来降低准确性。此问题与广角摄像机通常集成在几形研究中常用于现代，可访问的UAV系统中的广角相机。这种系统通常执行载板图像预处理，包括应用通用镜头失真校正，其随后改变摄影测量处理中的参数相互关系（例如，部分校正径向失真，这增加了输出图像中的变形失真的相对重要性）。来自两个Proglacial Forefiff（瑞士的Arolla Region）的调查显示，较低浮雕地形具有10度倾斜的摄像头的垂直系统圆形误差> 0中心点3m，表示精度问题大于基于精度的阶数大。估计错误。对于更高浮雕的地形，并且对于低浮雕地形的Nadir-映像调查，系统误差是<0中心点09米。直接从地形数据模拟和减去系统误差成功将误差大小降低到与估计精度的两倍相一致的值。因此，地形校正可以提供比具有小型非偏转照相机倾斜的设计调查的事件尺度几何变化的不确定度检测更稳健的方法，并且此外，可以大大降低地面控制要求。 （c）2020作者。 John Wiley＆Sons Ltd发布的地球表面流程和地貌

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