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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Submarine platform development by erosion of a Surtseyan cone at Capelinhos, Faial Island, Azores
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Submarine platform development by erosion of a Surtseyan cone at Capelinhos, Faial Island, Azores

机译：亚塞尔省Capelinhos，Faial Island，Azores的Surtseyan Cone侵蚀潜艇平台开发

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Erosion of volcanic islands ultimately creates shallow banks and guyots, but the ways in which erosion proceeds to create them over time and how the coastline retreat rate relates to wave conditions, rock mass strength and other factors are unclear. The Capelinhos volcano was formed in 1957/58 during a Surtseyan and partly effusive eruption that added an 2.5 km(2) tephra and lava promontory to the western end of Faial Island (Azores, central North Atlantic). Subsequent coastal and submarine erosion has reduced the subaerial area of the promontory and created a submarine platform. This study uses historical information, photos and marine geophysical data collected around the promontory to characterize how the submarine platform developed following the eruption. Historical coastline positions are supplemented with coastlines interpreted from 2004 and 2014 Google Earth images in order to work out the progression of coastline retreat rate and retreat distance for lava- and tephra-dominated cliffs. Data from swath mapping sonars are used to characterize the submarine geometry of the resulting platform (position of the platform edge, gradient and morphology of the platform surface). Photographs collected during SCUBA and ROV dives on the submarine platform reveal a rugged surface now covered with boulders. The results show that coastal retreat rates decreased rapidly with time after the eruption and approximately follow an inverse power-law relationship with coastal retreat distance. We develop a finite-difference model for wave attenuation over dipping surfaces to predict how increasing wave attenuation contributed to this trend. The model is verified by reproducing the wave height variation over dipping rock platforms in the UK (platform gradient 1.2 degrees to 1.8 degrees) and Ireland (1.8 degrees). Applying the model to the dipping platform around Capelinhos, using a diversity of cliff resistance predicted from known lithologies, we are able to predict erosion rate trends for some sectors of the edifice. We also explore wider implications of these results, such as how erosion creates shallow banks and guyots in reef-less mid-oceanic archipelagos like the Azores. (c) 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：火山群岛的侵蚀最终会造成浅水银行和人员，但侵蚀随着时间的推移，侵蚀创造它们的方式以及海岸线撤退率如何与波条条件相关，岩石质量和其他因素尚不清楚。 Capelinhos Volcano于1957/58年成立于1957/58年，在休息处，部分散发爆发，增加了2.5公里（2）个Tephra和Lava海岬屋顶（北大西洋中央北大西洋中央北大西洋）。随后的沿海和潜艇侵蚀减少了海角的子系统区域，并创建了潜艇平台。本研究使用围绕海角周围收集的历史信息，照片和海洋地球物理数据来表征潜艇爆发后潜艇平台的表现。历史海岸线职位辅以从2004年和2014年谷歌地球图像解释的海岸线，以便制定海岸线的进展，并为熔岩和Tepharra主导的悬崖进行撤退距离。来自SWATH映射声纳的数据用于表征生成平台的潜艇几何体（平台边缘的位置，平台表面的梯度和形态）。在潜艇平台上潜水和ROV潜水期间收集的照片揭示了现在覆盖着巨石的崎岖地面。结果表明，沿海撤退率随着时间的推移而迅速下降，大约遵循与沿海撤退距离的反向动力法关系。我们开发了浸渍表面上的波浪衰减的有限差异模型，以预测波浪衰减的增加有助于这种趋势。通过在英国（平台梯度1.2度为1.8度）和爱尔兰（1.8度）的浸渍岩平台上的波形高度变化来验证该模型。将模型应用于Capelinhos周围的浸渍平台，使用从已知岩性预测的悬崖阻力的多样性，我们能够预测大厦某些部门的侵蚀率趋势。我们还探讨了这些结果的更广泛的影响，例如侵蚀如何在亚速尔群岛等珊瑚礁中的珊瑚礁中的浅滩和遗产。 （c）2019 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd。

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