Enlargement and evolution of a semi‐alluvial creek in response to urbanization

Bevan Vernon; MacVicar Bruce; Chapuis Margot; Ghunowa Kimisha; Papangelakis Elli; Parish John; Snodgrass William

摘要

Abstract > The impact of urbanization on stream channels is of interest due to the growth of cities and the sensitivity of stream morphology and ecology to hydrologic change. Channel enlargement is a commonly observed effect and channel evolution models can help guide management efforts, but the models must be used in the proper geologic and climatic context. Semi‐alluvial channels characterized by a relatively thin alluvial layer over clay till and a convex channel profile in a temperate climate are not represented in currently available models. In this study we: (i) assess channel enlargement; and (ii) propose a channel evolution model for an urban semi‐alluvial creek in Toronto, Canada. The system is 90% developed with an imperviousness of approximately 47%. Channel enlargement is assessed by comparing 50?year old construction surveys, a recent survey of a relic channel, low‐precision surveys of channel change over a 15?year period, and high‐precision surveys over a three year period. The enlargement ratio of the channel since 1958 is 2.6, but could be as high 8.2 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. When the increase in flow capacity is considered, the enlargement ratio is 1.9 since 1958 and up to 6.0 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. Channel enlargement continues in the contemporary channel at an estimated rate of 0.23?m 2 /year. A five stage model is presented to describe channel evolution in the lower reaches. In this model the coarse lag material from glacial sources provides a natural resilience to the bed and incision occurs only after the increased flows from urbanization are combined with higher slopes as a result of channel straightening or avulsions. Further research should be done to assess stream behaviour close to an identified geologic control point. Copyright ? 2018 J </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract XMLNS =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >影响由于城市的增长以及流形态和生态学对水文变化的敏感性，流渠道的城市化是感兴趣的。渠道扩大是一个常见的效果，渠道演进模型可以帮助指导管理努力，但必须在适当的地质和气候环境中使用模型。在当前可用的型号中，在温带气候中具有相对薄的冲积层和粘土的相对薄的冲积层和凸通道曲线的特征在于，在当前可用的型号中不表示。在这项研究中，我们：（i）评估渠道扩大; （ii）提出了加拿大多伦多城市半加溪的渠道演变模型。该系统的90％开发，不渗透率约为47％。通过比较50？历史旧施工调查来评估渠道扩大，最近对遗物频道的一项调查，一年时间超过15？年期间的低精度调查，以及三年内的高精度调查。自1958年以来的渠道的扩大率为2.6，但与城市前渠道相比，可能与8.2一样高。当考虑流量的增加时，自1958年以来，增大比率为1.9，与城市前渠道相比，高达6.0。当代频道的频道扩大估计速率为0.23μm 2 /年/年。提出了五个阶段模型来描述下游的渠道演变。在该模型中，来自冰川源的粗滞后材料为床和切口仅在城市化的流量随着频率矫直或禽流缩而与较高的斜坡组合之后发生的切口。应进行进一步的研究以评估靠近识别的地质控制点的流行为。版权？ 2018 J. </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第11期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共18页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bevan Vernon&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bevan Vernon;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=MacVicar Bruce&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">MacVicar Bruce;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Chapuis Margot&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Chapuis Margot;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ghunowa Kimisha&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Ghunowa Kimisha;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Papangelakis Elli&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Papangelakis Elli;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Parish John&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Parish John;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Snodgrass William&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Snodgrass William;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1;</p> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1;</p> <p>Department of GeographyUniversity of Nice‐Sophia AntipolisProvence‐Alpes‐C?tes d'Azur Nice 06103 France;</p> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1;</p> <p>Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1;</p> <p>Matrix Solutions Inc.2500 Meadowpine Blvd. Mississauga L5N 6C4 USA;</p> <p>Toronto WaterCity of Toronto 275 Merton St Toronto Canada M4S 1A7;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sediment transport&option=203" rel="nofollow">sediment transport;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rivers&option=203" rel="nofollow">rivers;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=urbanization&option=203" rel="nofollow">urbanization;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=channel evolution models&option=203" rel="nofollow">channel evolution models;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=semi‐alluvial&option=203" rel="nofollow">semi‐alluvial;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：沉积物运输;河流;城市化;频道演变模型;半冲积; 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