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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Controls on debris-flow initiation on burned and unburned hillslopes during an exceptional rainstorm in southern New Mexico, USA
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Controls on debris-flow initiation on burned and unburned hillslopes during an exceptional rainstorm in southern New Mexico, USA

机译：美国南部新墨西哥州南部的卓越暴雨期间烧毁和未燃烧的山坡上的泥石流启动的控制

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Using observations from 688 debris flows, we analyse the hydrologic and landscape characteristics that influenced debris-flow initiation mechanisms and locations in a watershed that had been partially burned by the 2012 Whitewater-Baldy Complex Fire in the Gila Mountains, southern New Mexico. Debris flows can initiate due to different processes. Slopes can fail as discrete landslides and then become fluidized and move downstream as debris flows (landslide initiated) or progressive bulking of sediment from a distributed area can become channelized and concentrated as it moves downslope (runoff generated). In this study, we have an unusual opportunity to investigate both types of debris-flow initiation mechanisms in our observations of debris flows, triggered by an exceptional rainstorm in the autumn of 2013. Additionally, we compare our observations with those of a dataset of 1138 debris flows in the Colorado Front Range, triggered during the same weather system. We found that runoff-generated debris flows dominated in burn areas, and runoff required to start these flows could be well characterized by the Shields stress. Landslide-initiated debris flows were dominant in unburned areas. Debris-flow densities were tied to total rainfall and precipitation intensities. Like the observations in the Colorado Front Range, debris-flow initiation locations were found primarily in areas of relatively sparse vegetation on south-facing slopes between 25 and 40 degrees, and with upslope contributing areas less than 1000 m(2). In terms of preferential locations for debris-flow initiations, 2013 vegetation coverage, approximated by Green-Red Vegetation Index metrics, proved to be more influential than the 2012 burn-severity designation. The uniformity of observations between our study area and those in the Colorado Front Range indicate that the underlying hydrologic and landscape patterns of the debris-flow initiation locations documented in these studies could be applicable to the wider southwest and Rocky Mountain regions. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
机译：使用688个碎片流动的观察，我们分析了在新墨西哥州南部吉拉山脉的2012 Whitewater-Bandy Compleft Fire部分燃烧的流域碎片流动启动机制和地点的水文和景观特征。由于流程，碎片流动可以发起。斜坡可以作为离散山体滑坡失效，然后变化并下游移动，因为碎片流动（启动滑坡）或从分布区域的沉积物的逐渐膨胀可以被引导并浓缩，因为它移动下坡（径流产生）。在这项研究中，我们有一个不寻常的机会，以调查我们对2013年秋季的卓越暴雨的观察中的两种类型的碎片流动启动机制。另外，我们将我们的观察与1138的数据集进行比较碎片在科罗拉多州前方流动，在同一天气系统中触发。我们发现，在烧伤区域中主导的径流生成的碎片流动，并通过屏蔽应力表征径流所需的径流。 Landslide-Bigiated碎片流动在未燃烧的地区占主导地位。泥石流密度与降雨量和降水强度捆绑在一起。与科罗拉多州前范围的观察一样，碎片流动启动位置主要在25至40度的面向斜坡上的相对稀疏植被的区域中发现，并且上坡贡献面积小于1000μm（2）。就碎片流动启动的优先位置而言，2013年植被覆盖率，被绿红色植被指数指标近似，被证明比2012年烧伤严重性指定更有影响。我们的研究区与科罗拉多州前方范围之间的观察的均匀性表明，这些研究中记载的碎屑流动启动位置的底层水文和景观模式可以适用于更广泛的西南和岩石山区。 2019年出版。本文是美国政府工作，并在美国的公共领域。

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