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A review of gold extraction using noncyanide lixiviants: Fundamentals, advancements, and challenges toward alkaline sulfur-containing leaching agents

机译:使用非含氰化物Lixiviants的黄金提取方法:基本面,进步和含碱性含硫浸出剂的挑战

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摘要

Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants, including thiosulfate, polysulfides, and alkaline sulfide solutions, stand out as a promising class of alternatives to cyanide because of their low toxicity, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation method, the transformation process of various sulfur-containing species in alkaline solutions was discussed. Thereafter, some insights into the mechanism of gold leaching in alkaline sulfur-containing solutions were presented from different aspects, including thermodynamics analysis, electrochemical dissolution, and leaching kinetics. Moreover, recent progress in in-situ generation of sulfur-containing anions from gold-bearing sulfide minerals was outlined as well. Gold passivation caused by sulfur species was discussed in particular because it is considered the greatest challenge facing sulfur-containing leaching systems. Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants are expected to serve as alternatives in industrial applications of gold extraction, particularly for refractory gold ores containing copper and carbonaceous matter.
机译:含碱性硫酸硫酸盐,包括硫代硫酸盐,多硫化物和碱性硫化物溶液,由于它们低毒性,高效率和强大的适应性而脱颖而出。在本文中,我们总结了使用这些非氰化物试剂的金提取的研究进展和剩余挑战。简要介绍了制备方法后,讨论了碱性溶液中各种含硫种类的转化过程。此后,从不同方面提出了一些进入碱性硫溶液中的金色浸出机制的洞察,包括热力学分析,电化学溶解和浸出动力学。此外,还概述了最近原位产生含金硫化物矿物的含硫阴离子的进展。特别是含硫物种引起的金钝化,因为它被认为是含硫浸出系统面临的最大挑战。预计含碱性硫含量的唇脂蛋白将作为金提取的工业应用中的替代品,特别是对于含有铜和碳质物质的难治性金矿。

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