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首页> 外文期刊>Engineering Geology >Alteration characteristics of granite contact zone and treatment measures for inrush hazards during tunnel construction - A case study
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Alteration characteristics of granite contact zone and treatment measures for inrush hazards during tunnel construction - A case study

机译：隧道建设期间花岗岩接触区的改变特性及涌入涌入侵害的处理措施 - 以案例研究

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摘要

Several large-scale mud and water inrush events occurred during excavation of the Denghuazhai Tunnel at a depth of 175 m in the contact zone between geodic granite and tuff. By analyzing the inrush process, the characteristics of the inrush hazards, such as high pressure, abundant water, high mud and sand content and strong destructive power, were revealed. In addition, the inrush hazards were intermittent, uncertain and sudden. An intrusive contact zone between geodic granite and tuff was revealed by regional geological investigation. Large-scale alteration occurred both in geodic granite and tuff near the contact zone. Petrographic analyses indicated that alteration to albite, sericite and kaolinite occurred in geodic granite, and alteration to quartz and montmorilloriite took place in tuff gradually toward the contact zone. Furthermore, the changes were gradational within and between various alteration grades. The closer to the contact zone, the higher degree of alteration, the less the primary minerals including quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase, the more the secondary minerals such as sericite and clay minerals. Tests on porosity, saturated water content and uniaxial compressive strength indicated that alteration led to significant deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of rocks (except for silicified tuff). Especially, for the zonal clay in the central area of contact zone, the physical and mechanical properties were poor and obvious swelling, disintegration and argillation were observed. Tunnel excavation triggered swelling, disintegration and argillation of clay, leading to several large-scale inrush events. In terms of treatment of inrush hazards, first of all, a comprehensive exploration method based on petrographic analyses, geophysical detection and borehole drilling was established according to the alteration characteristics, so as to identify the scale and composition of the altered. zone. The principle of "consolidation before removal" was adopted to deal with the inrush deposits for breach sealing and reinforcement. Energy release and stress reduction during tunnel construction and regular drainage during operation were achieved by dewatering measures, namely, "drainage supplemented by sealing, water drainage and solids remaining". Reinforcement measures, including full-face curtain grouting and double-layer pipe sheds, were adopted to reinforce and seal the highly disturbed rock and soil in advance. Finally, technical measures, including "bench excavation, enhancement of support stiffness and timely installation of secondary support", were employed to effectively prevent large deformation in disturbed rock masses. With the above measures, the left and right tunnels of the Denghuozhai Tunnel have passed through the altered zone successfully.
机译：几种大规模泥浆和水涌入事件发生在达津巷的挖掘过程中，在地理花岗岩和凝灰岩之间的接触区的深度为175米。通过分析浪涌工艺，揭示了涌入灾害的特点，如高压，丰富的水，高泥浆和砂含量以及强大的破坏力。此外，涌入危害是间歇性，不确定和突然的。区域地质调查揭示了地理花岗岩和凝灰岩之间的侵入式接触区。在接触区附近的Geodic花岗岩和凝灰岩中发生大规模改变。岩体分析表明，对岩石花岗岩的Al绢云母，绢云母和高岭土发生变化，并在凝固区域朝向接触区的凝灰岩和蒙马利蒂的改变。此外，改变在各种改变等级内和之间的渐变。接近接触区，更高的变化程度，较少的主要矿物质，包括石英，K-Feldspar和Plagioclase，较多的次级矿物如绢云母和粘土矿物质。孔隙率，饱和含水量和单轴抗压强度的试验表明，改变导致岩石的物理和力学性能的显着恶化（除硅化凝灰岩除外）。特别是，对于接触区中央区域中的区域粘土，物理和机械性能差，观察到溶胀，崩解和颗粒。隧道挖掘触发肿胀，崩解和粘土的肉质，导致几个大型涌入事件。在涌入危险的治疗方面，首先，根据改变特性建立了基于岩体分析，地球物理检测和钻孔钻探的综合勘探方法，以确定改变的尺度和组成。区。采用“拆迁前的合并”原则来处理侵入封口和加固的涌入沉积物。通过脱水措施，即通过脱水措施，即通过封存，排水和固体剩余的固体的排水来实现隧道施工期间的能量释放和经常排水期间的延伸和压力降低。采用加固措施，包括全面窗帘灌浆和双层管道棚，提前加强和密封高度扰乱的岩石和土壤。最后，采用了技术措施，包括“长凳挖掘，增强支持僵硬，及时安装二次支持”，以有效地防止扰乱岩体的大变形。通过上述措施，登山隧道的左右隧道已成功通过改变的区域。

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