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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Entomology >Relationships of Salinity, Relative Humidity, Mud Flat Fiddler Crabs, Ants, and Sea Ox-Eye Daisy With Ixodid Distribution and Egg Survival on the South Texas Coastal Plains
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Relationships of Salinity, Relative Humidity, Mud Flat Fiddler Crabs, Ants, and Sea Ox-Eye Daisy With Ixodid Distribution and Egg Survival on the South Texas Coastal Plains

机译：盐度，相对湿度，泥翼尾蟹，蚂蚁和海牛雏菊与南德克萨斯沿海平原南极分布及鸡蛋生存的关系

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摘要

The South Texas coastal plains are mostly dominated by mesquite-thorn scrub from the Mexican border to cattle ranches extending north from Willacy Co. A wildlife corridor on the plains, composed of natural habitat, supports hosts of many ixodid species. Occasional wind (not lunar) tides and infrequent storm surges inundate coastal plain areas with hypersaline water from the Lower Laguna Madre, creating large areas of saline soil. Laboratory and field experiments and observations were used to identify relationships between salinity and other abiotic and biotic factors that influence ixodid distribution. Exposure of lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), and Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) eggs to hypersaline water is lethal. Although intermittent hypersaline flooding kills ixodid eggs, saline soil was not particularly toxic. When relative humidity is relatively low, desiccation causes high egg mortality on dry soil, regardless of salinity. Substantial year-round populations of mud flat fiddler crabs, Uca rapax (Smith) (Decopoda: Ocypodidae), occur on saline soil and eliminated approximate to 80% of A. americanum egg masses overnight. On saline and low-salinity soils predatory formicids, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), were indifferent to the eggs. Saline soils were dominated by the sea ox-eye daisy, Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC, and its color allowed production of a GIS-based map. At least 24.4% of the wildlife corridor supports heavy stands of B. frutescens which is indicative of high U. rapax populations. Ixodid populations were negligible on heavy B. frutescens stands because of associated salt water toxicity, desiccation, and predation by U. rapax on eggs.
机译：南德克萨斯州沿海平原主要由墨西哥边境的Mesquite-Thorn磨砂，从威利古队延伸的牛牧场，由自然栖息地组成的平原上的野生动物走廊，支持许多Ixodid种类的宿主。偶尔的风（不是农历）潮汐和不常见的风暴浪涌淹没了沿着Laguna Madre的低级水的沿海普通区域，造成大面积的盐土壤。实验室和现场实验和观察用于识别盐度和其他非生物和生物因子之间的关系，影响Ixodid分布。孤岛蜱，Amblyomma Americanum（L.）和Rapicephalus microplus（Canestrini）卵至过氧化水的曝光是致命的。虽然间歇性高氧全的洪水杀死Ixodid卵，但盐渍土没有特别有毒。当相对湿度相对较低时，无论盐度如何，干燥导致干燥土壤上的蛋死亡率高。大量全年泥浆扁桃蟹，UCA Rapax（Smith）（Decopoda：ocypodadae）发生在盐渍土上，并消除了A. Americanum蛋群的80％过夜。在盐水和低盐度土壤中，捕食性无细胞状物，包括红色进口火蚁，Solenopsis Invicta（Buren）对鸡蛋漠不关心。盐水土壤由海洋牛皮雏菊，博尔里西亚Frutescens（L.）DC主导，其颜色允许生产基于GIS的地图。至少24.4％的野生动物走廊都支持B. Frutescens的重大立场，这表明高U. Rapax种群。 Ixodid种群在重型B. Frutescens的毒性，由于相关的盐水毒性，干燥和在鸡蛋上的rapax上的掠夺而忽略不计。

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