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The Advocacy Campaign to Ban Chlorpyrifos: Pesticide Reform Under the Trump Administration

机译：宣传致氯紫外欲的运动：特朗普管理下的农药改革

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摘要

The success of environmental justice (EJ) struggles is dependent on community-based action. However, grassroots environmentalism is most successful when groups act during periods of increased political opportunity. Considering President Trump's promise to roll back environmental protections, tolerance of racism, and anti-immigrant stance, EJ scholars and advocates question how local communities can promote EJ under the Trump administration. This article explores the advocacy campaign to ban chlorpyrifos, a hazardous insecticide, and traces the administration's impact on advocates' tactics and outcomes. Advocates frame efforts to ban chlorpyrifos as an EJ struggle because exposure risk disproportionately impacts children and Latinx, immigrant farmworker communities. During the Obama administration, in response to advocacy groups' petition to ban chlorpyrifos use, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed to revoke all food tolerances and to cancel all registrations for chlorpyrifos. However, this proposed ruling was reversed after President Trump took office and nominated Scott Pruitt, an opponent of environmental regulations, as Administrator of the EPA. Furthermore, the EPA appealed the ensuing court decision ordering the agency to revoke all tolerances for chlorpyrifos. Nonetheless, advocates successfully pressured California and Hawaii to strengthen chlorpyrifos regulation. While changes to environmental policymaking under the Trump administration constrained the campaign's success at the federal level, opportunities for restricting chlorpyrifos expanded at the state level.
机译：环境司法（EJ）斗争的成功取决于基于社区的行动。然而，当在增加政治机会时期，基层环保主义最成功。考虑到特朗普总统承诺回滚环境保护，种族主义的耐受性，反移民立场，欧洲贸易委员会学者和倡导者质疑当地社区如何在特朗普政府下促进EJ。本文探讨了宣传活动，禁止喉杀虫剂，危险的杀虫剂，并追溯到政府对倡导者的策略和结果的影响。倡导框架努力作为EJ斗争，因为曝光风险不成比例地影响儿童和拉丁克，移民农业工界。在奥巴马政府期间，为了应对宣传群体请愿书禁止氯吡夫斯使用，环境保护局（EPA）建议撤销所有粮食宽容并取消紫外线的所有注册。然而，在特朗普总统任职并提名斯科特·普鲁特（斯科特·普鲁特）作为EPA的管理人员之后，这一拟议的裁决被扭转。此外，EPA呼吁随后的法院决定命令原子能机构撤销喉头紫外线的所有公差。尽管如此，倡导者成功地迫使加州和夏威夷加强紫外线法规。虽然特朗普管理局下对环境政策制定的变化约束了广告系列在联邦一级的成功，但在国家一级扩大植物紫外线的机会。

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