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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >Experiment and mathematical model for the heat transfer in water around 4 degrees C
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Experiment and mathematical model for the heat transfer in water around 4 degrees C

机译：水中热传递的实验与数学模型4℃下的热传递

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摘要

Water, which is the habitat for a variety of living creatures, has a maximum density at 4.0 degrees C. This crucial property is considered to play a very important role in the biology of a lake and also has a close relationship with the areas of environmentology and geoscience. It would be desirable for students to confirm this important property of water themselves by carrying out simple experiments. However, it is not easy to detect the maximum density at 4.0 degrees C because the temperature dependence of the water density is very small close to its freezing point. For example, the density of water is 0.999 975 g cm(-3) at 4.0 degrees C and 0.999 850 g cm(-3) at 0.1 degrees C. The aim in this manuscript is to demonstrate a simple experiment to detect 4.0 degrees C as the temperature of maximum density, in which the time dependence of the water temperature is measured at several different depths by chilling the water surface. This is a simple experiment that can also be performed by high school students. We also present a mathematical model that can explain the results of this experiment.
机译：作为各种生物的栖息地，水的水在4.0℃下具有最大密度。这一关键财产被认为是在湖泊生物学中发挥着非常重要的作用，也与环境学领域有着密切的关系和地球科学。学生可以通过执行简单的实验来确认自身的这一重要特性。然而，由于水密度的温度依赖性靠近其冷冻点，不容易检测4.0摄氏度的最大密度。例如，水的密度为0.999 975g cm（-3），4.0℃，0.998 850g cm（-3）在0.1℃下。该稿件的目的是展示检测4.0度的简单实验作为最大密度的温度，通过冷却水表面，在几个不同的深度下测量水温的时间依赖性。这是一个简单的实验，也可以由高中生进行。我们还提供了一种可以解释该实验结果的数学模型。

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