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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >Manipulating particles with light: radiation and gradient forces
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Manipulating particles with light: radiation and gradient forces

机译：用光操纵颗粒：辐射和梯度力

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摘要

The manipulation of matter with electromagnetic radiation is a capacity that has been known for over a century. However, the prominence of such optical effects only grew rapidly following the invention of optical tweezers in the 1980s. While both the original theory and the early trapping techniques are based on the radiation force, optical tweezing uses the gradient force. This paper aims to differentiate between these two clearly distinct types of optical forces, which are sometimes confused in the literature. We also discuss three completely separate forms of optical torque that can be applied to a particle, also due to an electromagnetic field. These involve the transfer of either spin or orbital angular momentum from the beam to the particle, depending on the character of the light, or the often overlooked alignment effect that can act on a cylindrical particle due to a gradient force.
机译：用电磁辐射操纵物质是一个在一个世纪以来所知的容量。 然而，在20世纪80年代在光学镊子的发明之后，这种光学效应的突出性迅速增长。 虽然原始理论和早期捕获技术都基于辐射力，但光学镊子使用梯度力。 本文旨在区分这两个明显不同类型的光学力，有时在文献中混淆。 我们还通过电磁场讨论可以施加到颗粒的三种完全单独的光学扭矩形式。 这些涉及将旋转或轨道角动量从光束转移到颗粒，这取决于光的特征，或者通常被忽略的对准效果，其由于梯度力而在圆柱形颗粒上作用。

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