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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >Forces on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field: the macro-micro connection
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Forces on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field: the macro-micro connection

机译：在磁场中的载流线上的力量：宏观微观连接

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摘要

The classic problem of determining the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is critically analysed. A common explanation found in many introductory textbooks is to represent the force on the wire as the sum of the forces on charge carriers. In this approach neither the nature of the forces involved nor their application points are fully discussed. In this paper we provide an alternative microscopic explanation that is suitable for introductory electromagnetism courses at university level. By considering the wire as a superposition of a positive and a negative cylindrical charge distributions, we show that the electrons are subject to both magnetic and electric forces, whereas the ionic lattice of the metal is dragged by an electric force. Furthermore, an analysis of the orders of magnitude involved in the problem gives counterintuitive results with valuable educational potential. We argue that this approach allows one to discuss different aspects of the physical knowledge, which are relevant in physics education.
机译：确定磁场中携带电流线上的力的经典问题是批判性分析。在许多介绍性教科书中发现的常见解释是将电线上的力量表示为电荷载波上的力的总和。在这种方法中，涉及的力的性质和其应用点都没有完全讨论。在本文中，我们提供了一种替代的显微镜解释，适用于大学级的介绍性电磁课程。通过将电线视为呈正和负圆柱电荷分布的叠加，我们表明电子经受磁力和电力，而金属的离子晶格被电力拖动。此外，对问题中涉及的数量级的分析给出了有价值的教育潜力的反向直接结果。我们认为这种方法允许人们讨论物理知识的不同方面，这些方面是在物理教育中相关的。

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