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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of physics: A journal of the European Physical Society >A full quantum analysis of the Stern-Gerlach experiment using the evolution operator method: analyzing current issues in teaching quantum mechanics
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A full quantum analysis of the Stern-Gerlach experiment using the evolution operator method: analyzing current issues in teaching quantum mechanics

机译：斯特恩 - GERLACH实验的全量子分析使用演化运营商方法：分析量子力学教学中的当前问题

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To the quantum mechanics specialists community it is a well-known fact that the famous original Stern-Gerlach experiment (SGE) produces entanglement between the external degrees of freedom (position) and the internal degree of freedom (spin) of silver atoms. Despite this fact, almost all textbooks on quantum mechanics explain this experiment using a semiclassical approach, where the external degrees of freedom are considered classical variables, the internal degree is treated as a quantum variable, and Newton's second law is used to describe the dynamics. In the literature there are some works that analyze this experiment in its full quantum mechanical form. However, astonishingly, to the best of our knowledge the original experiment, where the initial states of the spin degree of freedom are randomly oriented coming from the oven, has not been analyzed yet in the available textbooks using the Schrodinger equation (to the best of our knowledge there is only one paper that treats this case: Hsu et al (2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 012109)). Therefore, in this contribution we use the time-evolution operator to give a full quantum mechanics analysis of the SGE when the initial state of the internal degree of freedom is completely random, i.e. when it is a statistical mixture. Additionally, as the SGE and the development of quantum mechanics are heavily intermingled, we analyze some features and drawbacks in the current teaching of quantum mechanics. We focus on textbooks that use the SGE as a starting point, based on the fact that most physicist do not use results from physics education research, and comment on traditional pedagogical attitudes in the physics community.
机译：对于量子力学专家，社区是一个知名的原始斯特恩 - Gerlach实验（SGE）在外部自由度（位置）和内部自由度（旋转）之间产生缠结的事实。尽管如此，几乎所有关于量子力学的教科书都使用过半态方法来解释该实验，其中外部自由度被认为是经典变量，内部程度被视为量子变量，并且牛顿的第二法用于描述动态。在文献中，有一些作品可以在其完全量子的机械形式下分析该实验。然而，令人惊讶的是，据我们所知，原始实验，其中旋转自由度的初始状态来自烤箱的随机定向，尚未在可用的教科书中使用Schrodinger方程（以最好的）进行分析我们的知识只有一份纸质对待这种情况：Hsu等人（2011题。版本A 83 012109））。因此，在这一贡献中，当初始自由度的初始状态完全随机时，我们使用时换运营商给出了SGE的全量子力学分析，即，当它是统计混合物时。另外，随着量子力学的围绕和发展的速度严重混合，我们在量子力学教学中分析了一些特征和缺点。我们专注于使用SGE作为起点的教科书，基于大多数物理学家不使用物理教育研究的结果，以及对物理界中传统教学态度的评论。

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