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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin Reviews >Induced Mutagenesis in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.): Obtained Results and Prospects for Use in Development of TILLING Project
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Induced Mutagenesis in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.): Obtained Results and Prospects for Use in Development of TILLING Project

机译：甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）诱导诱变：在TILLING项目的开发中获得的成果和前景

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摘要

At the Research Institute of Sugar Beets, induced mutagenesis is used for sugar beets as one of the lines in plant selection that have been in development since the 1940s. The following significant scientinc and practical results have been obtained: the mutability of the initial material of different genetic origin was tested; the activity of the used physical and chemical mutagens and biologically active substances during various modes of processing was assessed; optimal variants for obtaining mutants with desirable traits were chosen; M2 populations and subsequent generations were created; and the need to follow a definite subsequence and recurrence in work was substantiated. Beet mutants with high root mass, sugarance, and resistance have been obtained that are used in hybridization. The widespread use of methods of the molecular biology in the 1990s decreased the interest in induced mutagenesis. In the 21st century, this interest was revived due to the new method of targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), which combines the use of induced mutagenesis with molecular methods of searching for mutations. TILLING is based on the creation of a population treated with mutagens that leads to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). This process makes it possible to obtain a set of allele variants in genes that is very important for selection. In different countries, TILLING projects have been developed for many agricultural plants, including sugar beets in Germany. The results obtained bythe induced mutagenesis of sugar beets in Russia are of great scientific and practical importance.
机译：在甜菜研究所中，诱变被用于甜菜，是自1940年代以来一直在发展的植物选择系之一。已获得以下重要的科学成果和实际结果：测试了不同遗传来源的初始材料的变异性;评估了各种加工方式下所用的物理和化学诱变剂以及生物活性物质的活性;选择获得具有所需性状的突变体的最佳变体;建立了M2种群和后代;并且确定了必须遵循明确的子序列和重复工作的要求。已获得具有高根质量，糖度和抗性的甜菜突变体，用于杂交。在1990年代，分子生物学方法的广泛使用降低了对诱变的兴趣。在21世纪，这种兴趣因新的靶向诱导基因组局部病变的新方法（TILLING）而复燃，该方法将诱导诱变的应用与寻找突变的分子方法相结合。耕种是基于诱变剂处理的种群的产生，该种群会导致单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。该过程使得有可能在基因中获得一组对选择非常重要的等位基因变体。在不同的国家，已经为许多农业植物开发了TILLING项目，包括德国的甜菜。俄罗斯诱变甜菜的诱变结果具有重要的科学和实践意义。

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