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Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary

机译：在二进制文件中的黑洞周围的引力弹弓

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摘要

The speed gain of a test mass from taking a gravitational slingshot around a celestial object (scattering centre) increases with the latter's speed and compactness (stronger deflection of the mass' trajectory becomes possible without it hitting the surface of the object). The black holes (BHs) in a tight binary (consisting of two black holes; we are not considering X-ray binaries), themselves moving at relativistic speeds, represent optimal scattering centres. Therefore, a subpopulation of accreting matter particles, swept up into chaotic orbits around a BH binary, might repeatedly take slingshots and become accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds (as seen by observers on Earth), ultimately escaping from the binary, as well as the fate of being devoured by a BH. The escaped particles can plausibly be observed on Earth as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Investigating such a possibility would require general relativistic slingshot formulae due to the high speeds involved and the close encounters with BHs. We derive them in this paper and show that the percentage gain per slingshot in a particle's Lorentz factor remains undiminished even as the particle energizes up, thus demonstrating that the slingshot mechanism can in principle accelerate particles to extreme energies.
机译：在天体物体（散射中心）周围呈现引力弹弓的测试质量的速度增益随着后者的速度和紧凑性（质量的强偏转，而不会撞击物体的表面）。黑洞（BHS）紧密二进制（由两个黑洞组成;我们不是考虑X射线二进制文件），他们自己以相对论的速度移动，代表了最佳的散射中心。因此，沉积物质颗粒的亚群扫描到BH二进制周围的混乱轨道中，可能反复采取弹弓并加速到超比速度（如地球上的观察者所见），最终从二进制中逃脱，以及被BH被吞噬的命运。逃逸的颗粒可以在地球上以超高能量的宇宙射线观察到地球。调查这种可能性将需要一般相对论的弹簧公式，因为所涉及的高速，与BHS的紧密遭遇。我们在本文中派生了它们，表明，即使粒子为粒子激励，粒子的洛伦兹因子中的每个弹弓的百分比也仍然是不明显的，因此表明弹弓机构可以原则地将粒子加速到极端能量。

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  • 来源
    《European Physical Journal Plus》 |2020年第1期|共27页
  • 作者

    Zhang Fan;

  • 作者单位

    Beijing Normal Univ Dept Astron Gravitat Wave &

    Cosmol Lab Beijing 100875 Peoples R China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 物理学;
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