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Relationship between Fundamental and Realized Ecological Niches

机译：基本生态位与已实现生态位之间的关系

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The fundamental niche is formed as a result of evolution. In the state of evolutionary stasis, species undergo various deteriorations in the conditions of their existence, which interfere with counterbalance of the vectors of directional selection, which sustains this stasis. The unbalanced selection vectors induce the adaptations to extreme conditions of existence that are superfluous relative to the common conditions. The limits of tolerance and resistance to extreme ecological situations restrictthe fundamental niche. Interspecific competition is not the cause of narrowing the obtained niche relative to the fundamental niche. In the cases when the competition intensity is sufficient to redistribute resources between competitors, it can restrictone or two parameters of the obtained niche according to the limited resources, but does not cover the overall multidimensional space of the obtained niche. The obtained niche is a part of fundamental niche, since populations of a species live under conditions that provide for their existence in a particular habitat. The achievement of only part of the adaptive potential of a species and its fundamental niche is sufficient for existence of this species under more or less suitable conditions.
机译：利基是进化的结果。在进化停滞的状态下，物种在其生存条件下会经历各种退化，这会干扰维持该停滞的方向选择向量的平衡。不平衡的选择向量引起对极端条件的适应，这些极端条件相对于普通条件是多余的。对极端生态环境的容忍和抵抗的局限性限制了基本生态位。种间竞争不是导致相对于基础利基缩小利基的原因。在竞争强度足以在竞争者之间重新分配资源的情况下，它可以根据有限的资源限制获得的利基的一个或两个参数，但不能覆盖获得的利基的整个多维空间。所获得的生态位是基本生态位的一部分，因为一个物种的种群生活在提供其在特定栖息地中生存的条件下。一个物种及其基本生态位的仅部分适应潜力的实现足以在或多或少合适的条件下使该物种存在。

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