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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin Reviews >Macroevolution of Symbiosis as Self-Organization of Superspecies System Controlled by Natural Selection
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Macroevolution of Symbiosis as Self-Organization of Superspecies System Controlled by Natural Selection

机译：共生的宏观进化作为自然选择控制下的超级物种系统的自组织

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Mutualistic symbioses are convenient models for analyzing the ecological-genetic mechanisms of progressive evolution, which remains obscure for unitary (free-living) organisms. In the system of legume-rhizobia symbiosis, the hosting of N2-fixing bacteria within extracellular and intracellular compartments of nodules (infection threads, symbiosomes) acquired by plants during their coevolution with microbes induces in their populations, group selection is in favor of mutualistic traits (complete transfer of fixed nitrogen to hosts, differentiation of bacteria into the nonreproducible bacteroids). The colonization of infection threads by rhizobia increases the clonality in their populations that induce the interdeme selection for elevated nitro-genaseactivity. Its further increase may be due to colonization of symbiosomes, which induces the selection of kin in microbial populations in favor of irreversible bacteroid differentiation. The impact of these selection modes on bacteria resulted in the transition of anodular (rhizospheric, endophytic) plant-microbe associations based on the stimulation of root growth by auxins into nodular symbioses based on the effects of nitrogen fixation.
机译：互惠共生体是分析渐进进化的生态遗传机制的便捷模型，对于单一（自由生活）生物而言，这种共生机制仍然是晦涩难懂的。在豆科植物-根瘤菌共生系统中，植物与微生物共同进化过程中所获得的结节的胞外和胞内隔室（感染线，共生体）中存在固氮细菌，群体选择有利于互生性状（将固定氮完全转移至宿主，将细菌分化为不可复制的类细菌）。根瘤菌对感染线的定殖增加了其种群的克隆性，从而诱导了针对提高的硝基酶活性的选择。它的进一步增加可能是由于共生体的定殖，它诱导了微生物种群中亲缘关系的选择，有利于不可逆的类细菌分化。这些选择模式对细菌的影响导致基于生长素刺激根生长的阳极（根际，内生）植物-微生物结合转变为基于固氮作用的根瘤共生体。

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