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Small interfering RNA therapy in cancer: Mechanism, potential targets, and clinical applications

机译：癌症中的小干扰RNA治疗：机制，潜在目标和临床应用

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摘要

Background: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a powerful tool in knocking down or silencing gene expression in most cells. siRNA-based therapy has shown great promise for many diseases such as cancer. Major targets for siRNA therapy include oncogenes and genes that are involved in angiogenesis, metastasis, survival, antiapoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Objectives: This review briefly summarizes current advances in siRNA therapy and clinical applications in cancers, especially in pancreatic cancer. Methods: This review article covers several aspects of siRNA therapy in cancer, which include the types of siRNA, the delivery systems for siRNA, and the major targets for siRNA therapy. Specific attention is given to siRNA in pancreatic cancer, which is our main research focus. Results/conclusion: siRNA can be introduced into the cells by using either chemically synthesized siRNA oligonucleotides (oligos), or vector-based siRNA (shRNA), which allows long lasting and more stable gene silencing. Nanoparticles and liposomes are commonly used carriers, delivering the siRNA with better transfection efficiency and protecting it from degradation. In combination with standard chemotherapy, siRNA therapy can also reduce the chemoresistance of certain cancers, demonstrating the potential of siRNA therapy for treating many malignant diseases. This review will provide valuable information for clinicians and researchers who want to recognize the newest endeavors within this field and identify possible lines of investigation in cancer.
机译：背景：小干扰RNA（siRNA）已成为在大多数细胞中敲击或沉默基因表达的强大工具。 SiRNA的疗法对癌症等许多疾病表现出了很大的承诺。 siRNA治疗的主要目标包括癌肠和基因，参与血管生成，转移，存活，抗曝使和抗化疗抗性。目的：本综述简要概述了癌症患者治疗和临床应用的目前进展，特别是在胰腺癌中。方法：该综述文章涵盖癌症中siRNA治疗的几个方面，包括siRNA的类型，siRNA的递送系统，以及siRNA治疗的主要目标。特别注意胰腺癌中的siRNA，这是我们的主要研究重点。结果/结论：通过使用化学合成的siRNA寡核苷酸（寡核苷酸）或载体的siRNA（shRNA）可以将siRNA引入细胞中，这允许长期持久和更稳定的基因沉默。纳米粒子和脂质体是常用的载体，具有更好的转染效率并保护其免于降解。结合标准化疗，siRNA治疗还可以降低某些癌症的化学抑制，证明siRNA治疗对治疗许多恶性疾病的潜力。该审查将为希望认识到该领域内最新的努力的临床医生和研究人员提供有价值的信息，并确定癌症中可能的调查态。

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  • 作者

    HuangC.; LiM.; ChenC.; YaoQ.;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States;

    Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States;

    Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States;

    Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 药学;
  • 关键词

    Cancer; SiRNA; Therapy;

    机译：癌症;siRNA;治疗;

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