Arctic Deep Water Ferromanganese‐Oxide Deposits Reflect the Unique Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean

Hein James R.; Konstantinova Natalia; Mikesell Mariah; Mizell Kira; Fitzsimmons Jessica N.; Lam Phoebe J.; Jensen Laramie T.; Xiang Yang; Gartman Amy; Cherkashov Georgy; Hutchinson Deborah R.; Till Claire P.

摘要

Abstract >Little is known about marine mineral deposits in the Arctic Ocean, an ocean dominated by continental shelf and basins semi‐closed to deep‐water circulation. Here, we present data for ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from the Amerasia Arctic Ocean in 2008, 2009, and 2012 (HLY0805, HLY0905, and HLY1202). We determined mineral and chemical compositions of the crusts and nodules and the onset of their formation. Water column samples from the GEOTRACES program were analyzed for dissolved and particulate scandium concentrations, an element uniquely enriched in these deposits. The Arctic crusts and nodules are characterized by unique mineral and chemical compositions with atypically high growth rates, detrital contents, Fe/Mn ratios, and low Si/Al ratios, compared to deposits found elsewhere. High detritus reflects erosion of submarine outcrops and North America and Siberia cratons, transport by rivers and glaciers to the sea, and distribution by sea ice, brines, and currents. Uniquely high Fe/Mn ratios are attributed to expansive continental shelves, where diagenetic cycling releases Fe to bottom waters, and density flows transport shelf bottom water to the open Arctic Ocean. Low Mn contents reflect the lack of a mid‐water oxygen minimum zone that would act as a reservoir for dissolved Mn. The potential host phases and sources for elements with uniquely high contents are discussed with an emphasis on scandium. Scandium sorption onto Fe oxyhydroxides and Sc‐rich detritus account for atypically high scandium contents. The opening of Fram Strait in the Miocene and ventilation of the deep basins initiated Fe‐Mn crust growth ～15 Myr ago. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >对北冰洋的海洋矿物矿床众所周知，由大陆架和盆地半封闭到深水循环的海洋。在这里，我们在2008年，2009年，2012年（2012年（HLY0805，HLY0905和HLY1202）上呈现来自氨基宫海洋收集的铁霉洲地壳和结节的数据。我们确定了外壳和结节的矿物质和化学成分以及它们的形成开始。分析来自地理整样程的水柱样品进行溶解和颗粒状钪浓度，在这些沉积物中唯一富集的元素。与其他地方发现的沉积物相比，北极地壳和结节的特征在于具有非典型高生长率，滴乳含量，滴定含量，Fe / Mn比率和低Si / Al比的化学组合物。高碎屑反映了潜艇露头和北美和西伯利亚粪便，河流和冰川到海的侵蚀，以及海冰，盐水和电流的分销。唯一的Fe / Mn比率归因于膨胀的大陆架，其中成岩循环释放Fe至底部水，密度流动将架子底部水传输到开放的北冰洋。低Mn含量反映了缺少中水氧最小区域，其作为溶解的Mn储存器。讨论了具有唯一高内容的元素的潜在宿主阶段和来源，重点是钪。钪吸附到Fe羟基氧化物和富含SC的碎屑症，用于非典型高钪含量。在中海内肾上腺和深层盆地通风中的开口发起Fe-Mn Crust Grower〜15 my r以前。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23285/'>《Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第11期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共30页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hein James R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hein James R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Konstantinova Natalia&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Konstantinova Natalia;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mikesell Mariah&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mikesell Mariah;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mizell Kira&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mizell Kira;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Fitzsimmons Jessica N.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Fitzsimmons Jessica N.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lam Phoebe J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lam Phoebe J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jensen Laramie T.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Jensen Laramie T.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Xiang Yang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Xiang Yang;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gartman Amy&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gartman Amy;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Cherkashov Georgy&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Cherkashov Georgy;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hutchinson Deborah R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hutchinson Deborah R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Till Claire P.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Till Claire P.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>U.S. Geological Survey PCMSCSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>Institute of Earth Sciences St. Petersburg State UniversitySt. Petersburg Russia;</p> <p>U.S. Geological Survey PCMSCSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>U.S. Geological Survey PCMSCSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>Department of OceanographyTexas A&</p> <p>M UniversityCollege Station TX USA;</p> <p>Ocean SciencesUniversity of California at Santa CruzSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>Department of OceanographyTexas A&</p> <p>M UniversityCollege Station TX USA;</p> <p>Ocean SciencesUniversity of California at Santa CruzSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>U.S. Geological Survey PCMSCSanta Cruz CA USA;</p> <p>VNIIOkeangeologiaSt. Petersburg Russia;</p> <p>U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Science CenterWoods Hole MA USA;</p> <p>Chemistry DepartmentHumboldt State UniversityArcata CA USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Arctic Ocean&option=203" rel="nofollow">Arctic Ocean;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=ferromanganese deposits&option=203" rel="nofollow">ferromanganese deposits;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rare metals&option=203" rel="nofollow">rare metals;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=scandium&option=203" rel="nofollow">scandium;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=paleoceanography&option=203" rel="nofollow">paleoceanography;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=genetic model&option=203" rel="nofollow">genetic model;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：北冰洋;铁锰山沉积物;稀有金属;钪;古科学术;遗传模型; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> 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