Three‐Dimensional Surface Deformation in the 2016 M        <sub >W</sub>W        7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake From Optical Image Correlation: Implications for Strain Localization and Long‐Term Evolution of the Pacific‐Australian Plate Boundary

Zinke Robert; Hollingsworth James; Dolan James F.; Van Dissen Russ

摘要

Abstract > We generated dense, high‐resolution 3‐D ground displacement maps for the 2016 M <sub>W</sub> 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand earthquake—the most geometrically and kinematically complex rupture yet recorded—from stereo WorldView optical satellite imagery using a new methodology that combines subpixel image correlation with a ray‐tracing approach. Our analysis reveals fundamental new details of near‐field displacement patterns, which cannot easily be obtained through other methods. From our detailed correlation maps, we measured fault slip in 3‐D along 19 faults at 500‐m spacing. Minimum resolvable horizontal slip is ~0.1?m, and vertical is ~0.5?m. Net slip measurements range from 1 to ~12?m. System‐level kinematic analysis shows that slip on faults north of the Hope fault was oriented primarily subparallel to the Pacific‐Australian plate motion direction. In contrast, slip on faults to the south was primarily at high angle to the plate motion and secondarily parallel to plate motion. Fault kinematics are in some locations consistent with long‐term uplift patterns, but inconsistent in others. Deformation within the Seaward Kaikōura Range may indicate an attempt by the plate boundary fault system to geometrically simplify. Comparison of published field measurements along the Kekerengu fault with our correlation‐derived measurements reveals that ~36% of surface displacement was accommodated as distributed off‐fault deformation when considering only field measurements of discrete slip. Comparatively, field measurements that project previously linear features (e.g., fence lines) into the fault over apertures 5–100?m capture nearly all (~90%) of the surface deformation. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > 我们为2016米生成了密集，高分辨率的3-D地面位移图 <sub> w </ sub> 7.8kaikōura，新西兰地震 - 最具几何和运动学上的复杂破裂，尚未使用新方法从立体世界观的光学卫星图像中录制，这些方法将子像素图像相关与光线跟踪方法相结合。我们的分析揭示了近场位移模式的基本新细节，这不能通过其他方法轻易获得。从我们的详细相关图中，我们在500米间距的19个故障中测量了3-D的故障滑动。最小可分辨水平滑动〜0.1？m，垂直是〜0.5？m。净滑移测量范围从＆ 1到〜12？m。系统级运动学分析表明，希望故障北的故障滑动主要是以太平洋澳大利亚板式运动方向为导向的。相比之下，滑动南部的故障主要与板运动高角度，并将其二次平行于板运动。故障运动学在某些位置符合长期提升模式，而是在他人中不一致。海口kaikōura范围内的变形可能表示板边界故障系统的尝试以几何上简化。与我们的相关衍生测量的Kekerengu故障沿Kekerengu故障的公布场测量的比较显示，当仅考虑离散滑动的现场测量时，〜36％的表面位移被分布式离线变形。相对轻地，将先前线性特征（例如，围栏线）投入到孔径上的故障中的现场测量值，＆ 5-100？m捕获几乎全部（〜90％）的表面变形。 </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23285/'>《Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共20页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zinke Robert&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zinke Robert;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hollingsworth James&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hollingsworth James;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Dolan James F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Dolan James F.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Van Dissen Russ&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Van Dissen Russ;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles CA USA;</p> <p>Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS IRD IFSTTARGrenoble France;</p> <p>Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles CA USA;</p> <p>GNS ScienceLower Hutt New Zealand;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=surface deformation patterns&option=203" rel="nofollow">surface deformation patterns;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=2016 Kaikoura earthquake&option=203" rel="nofollow">2016 Kaikoura earthquake;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=off‐fault deformation&option=203" rel="nofollow">off‐fault deformation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=optical image correlation&option=203" rel="nofollow">optical image correlation;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：表面变形图案;2016 kaikoura地震;关闭故障变形;光学图像相关; 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Three‐Dimensional Surface Deformation in the 2016 M WW 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake From Optical Image Correlation: Implications for Strain Localization and Long‐Term Evolution of the Pacific‐Australian Plate Boundary

摘要

Three‐Dimensional Surface Deformation in the 2016 M _WW 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake From Optical Image Correlation: Implications for Strain Localization and Long‐Term Evolution of the Pacific‐Australian Plate Boundary