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Irregular Transition Layer Beneath the Earth's Inner Core Boundary From Observations of Antipodal PKIKP and PKIIKP Waves

机译：从抗双峰PKIKP和PKIIKP波的观测到地球内核边界下方的不规则过渡层

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Abstract > Standard Earth models assume a simple uniform inner core boundary (ICB) separating the liquid iron outer core from the solid iron inner core. Metallurgical and geodynamic experiments, however, predict lateral variations along this boundary originating from thermochemical and geodynamic instabilities during solidification. We search for evidence of this lateral heterogeneity by exploiting the sensitivity of antipodal PKIIKP waveforms to the shear wave velocity structure of the uppermost inner core beneath their reflection points on the underside of the ICB. Measuring PKIIKP/PKIKP energy ratios from 33 rare antipodal seismograms in the 178 o to 180 o distance range, we find this ratio varying between 0.1 and 1.1. Synthetic seismograms demonstrate that a laterally homogeneous liquid‐solid ICB cannot account for this variability. Observations instead support a spatially variable ICB transition consisting of either (1) gradients in seismic velocities and density in which they smoothly increase from those at the outer core to those in the bulk of the inner core over a maximum depth of 10?km or (2) a layered transition with localized double discontinuities in velocities and densities separated by 4–10?km. A layered transition can generate a coda following PKIKP if shear velocity is small (2?km/s) in the transition. Our results imply that the ICB is not uniform and might appear patchy with lateral rigidity variations. Nonuniform small‐scale structural features that we infer to be present at the ICB are consistent with nonlinear solidification mechanisms driven by small‐scale outer core convection in the lowermost outer core. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > 标准地球模型假设一个简单的均匀内核边界（ICB）将液体铁外芯与固体铁内芯分开。然而，冶金和地球动力学实验预测始于凝固期间源自热化学和地球动力学稳定性的该边界的横向变化。我们通过利用在ICB的下侧下面的其反射点下面的最上部内核的剪切波速度结构来寻找这种横向异质性的证据。从178年的33个罕见的抗双峰地震图测量PKIIKP / PKIKP能量比 o </ sup> 到180. o </ sup> 距离范围，发现该比率在0.1和1.1之间变化。合成地震图表明，横向均匀的液体固体ICB不能考虑这种可变性。反而支持由地震速度和密度中的（1）梯度的空间可变的ICB转换，其中它们在最大深度为10Ωmp或（ 2）分层过渡，具有局部双不连续性的速度和密度分开4-10km。如果剪切速度在过渡中剪切速度小（＆2≤m），则分层转换可以在pkikp之后产生CODa。我们的结果意味着ICB不均匀，并且横向刚度变化可能会出现斑驳。我们推断出在ICB的非均匀小规模结构特征与最下外部核心的小规模外部核心对流驱动的非线性凝固机制一致。 </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23285/'>《Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第10期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共16页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Attanayake Januka&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Attanayake Januka;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Thomas Christine&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Thomas Christine;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Cormier Vernon F.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Cormier Vernon F.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Miller Meghan S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Miller Meghan S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Koper Keith D.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Koper Keith D.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of MünsterMünster Germany;</p> <p>Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of MünsterMünster Germany;</p> <p>Department of PhysicsUniversity of ConnecticutStorrs CT USA;</p> <p>Research School of Earth SciencesAustralian National UniversityACT Australia;</p> <p>Department of Geology and GeophysicsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City UT USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=inner core boundary&option=203" rel="nofollow">inner core boundary;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=PKIIKP&option=203" rel="nofollow">PKIIKP;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=PKIKP&option=203" rel="nofollow">PKIKP;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=transition&option=203" rel="nofollow">transition;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=inner core solidification&option=203" rel="nofollow">inner core solidification;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=inner core structure&option=203" rel="nofollow">inner core structure;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：内核边界;pkiikp;pkikp;过渡;内核凝固;内核结构; 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</b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_journal-geodesy-geodynamics_thesis/0201293787082.html">地球内核边界局部存在“糊状层”</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=柳建乔&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 柳建乔</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-4886/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 大地测量与地球动力学 </a> </span> <span> . 2017</span><span>,第10期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-3927_thesis/02022911963.html">利用相似地震探测地球内核边界</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=信丹华&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 信丹华</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=宋晓东&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,宋晓东</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-3927/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 2014年中国地球科学联合学术年会 </a> <span> <span> . 2014</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020315281717.html">利用PKIIKP/PKIKP振幅比约束内核顶部S波速度结构</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=王文爽&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 王文爽</a> <span> . 2019</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130448224438.html">Earthquake protection for buildings has a layer of coarse gravel beneath building foundations with pumps for its rapid flooding with water once longitudinal pressure waves have been detected indicating imminent shear waves</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE19921982A1 </span> <span> . 2000-11-16</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：建筑物的地震防护在建筑物地基下方的泵浦处有一层粗糙的砾石，一旦检测到纵向压力波表明即将来临的剪切波，便会迅速注水。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130443721190.html">Direct inertial speed measurement comprises using a boundary layer transition between moving material and a vacuum in earth's gravitational field to reduce signal frequency</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE10120225A1 </span> <span> . 2002-12-05</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：直接惯性速度测量包括在运动物质与地球重力场中的真空之间使用边界层过渡来降低信号频率 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130421736845.html">Assembly fixture for use as rigid carriers for coating with mortar, plaster or adhesive layer, comprises core layer made of synthetic foam, transition layer and fleece, which is connected with core layer over transition layer</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE102011101462A1 </span> <span> . 2011-11-24</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用作固定用砂浆，灰泥或粘合剂层涂层的刚性载体的装配夹具，包括合成泡沫制成的芯层，过渡层和羊毛，该芯层在过渡层上与芯层相连 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704023360454','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div class="journalsub-pop-up" style="display: none"> 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