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首页> 外文期刊>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution >Relationships among American popcorn and their links with landraces conserved in a microcenter of diversity
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Relationships among American popcorn and their links with landraces conserved in a microcenter of diversity

机译：美国爆米花之间的关系及其与体重增加器中的地位的联系

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This study describes the genetic diversity and the population structure of 66 popcorn landrace collections in a recently discovered microcenter of maize (Zea maysL.) diversity in southern Brazil. Furthermore, we elucidate their phylogenetic relationships with a diverse panel of 575 popcorn populations from 18 countries of American Continent. The germplasm, representing distinct landraces, was genetically characterized as population bulks using single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs). Five main groups were identified for the popcorn germplasm of the southern region of Brazil. This pattern was associated with phenotypic diversity in grain shape and color. The germplasm of the American Continent was structured in nine groups associated with geographical region with significant differences in terms of genetic diversity and expansion capacity or popping expansion (the formation of large flakes after the kernels explode in response to heating). The popping expansion pattern of the American groups displayed a North-South geographical continuum, in which the average values increased with geographical distance from the center of origin in Mexico. The highest averages were obtained for the Lowland groups of South America. These results raise two hypotheses: the first one is the possibility of a continuous evolution of this characteristic, which is popcorn did disperse North - South, but interbreeding with local varieties drove up the diversity of the gene pool, and at the same time allowed more efficient selection on the trait of expansion capacity. The second is the possibility of a second domestication event ofZea maysssp.maysL., in South America, which would assume an independent origin of popcorn, but not an independent domestication of maize. Both hypotheses would be based on popcorn populations brought from Mexico by human migrations. The germplasm collected in the microcenter of diversity in southern Brazil, most of them originated in the Lowlands of South America, a part of germplasm established phylogenetic relationships closer to the popcorn populations of Brazil collected in the last century. The study contributes to improved understanding of the origin and phylogenetics of this maize group and as such to conservation of those valuable genetic resources and future breeding efforts. This is valuable genetic research which led to better insight into grouping and dispersion of studied genotypes in the target region, but also its place vis-a-vis origin and migration of popcorn genotypes in South America in general.
机译：本研究描述了在最近发现的玉米玉米（Zea Maysl。）多样性的66个爆米花地板收藏的遗传多样性和人口结构。此外，我们与来自美国大陆的18个国家的575个爆米花种群的不同面板阐明了它们的系统发育关系。代表不同的地球种植体的种质，遗传表征为使用单核苷酸多态性标记物（SNPs）的群体块。为巴西南部地区的爆米花种质确定了五种主要群体。这种模式与晶粒形状和颜色的表型多样性相关。美国大陆的种质是在与地理区域相关的九个群体中结构化，遗传多样性和膨胀能力或弹出膨胀（在核心爆炸后形成大型薄片）的差异。美国群体的突然扩张模式显示了南北地理连续体，其中平均值随着墨西哥的原产地的地理距离而增加。为南美洲的低地团体获得了最高平均水平。这些结果提高了两个假设：第一个是这种特征的连续演变的可能性，爆米花已经分散了南北，但与当地品种的杂交驱动了基因库的多样性，同时允许更多高效选择扩展容量的特征。第二个是Zea Maysssp.maysl的第二个驯化事件的可能性。，在南美洲，它将假设爆米花的独立起源，但不是一个独立的玉米驯化。两个假设都将基于人类迁移从墨西哥带来的爆米花群体。他们在巴西南部的多样性中收集的种质，其中大部分都起源于南美的低地，一部分地质成立了对上世纪的巴西爆米花群体的系统发育关系。该研究有助于改善对该玉米组的起源和系统发育的理解，以及保护这些有价值的遗传资源和未来的育种努力。这是有价值的遗传研究，导致研究目标区域中研究基因型的分组和分散更好地深入了解，而且还具有南美洲南美洲的爆米花基因型的爆发症起源和迁移。

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