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首页> 外文期刊>Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science >Rapid assessment of smelter/mining soil contamination via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and indicator kriging
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Rapid assessment of smelter/mining soil contamination via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and indicator kriging

机译：通过便携式X射线荧光光谱法和指示器克里格快速评估冶炼/采矿土壤污染

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摘要

Industrial pollution is a worldwide problem, especially near mining/smelter sites where toxic metals tend to accumulate in soils, sediments, and water. These elements pose a risk both for humans and other organisms' health. In Eastern Europe, assessment of toxic elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, and others remain challenging because traditional methods are costly and time consuming due to sample collection, chemical digestion, and quantification in laboratories. To reduce these limitations, new assessment methods are needed for deployment in impacted areas. The study conducted herein is the first of its kind to combine portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry with non-parametric indicator kriging for rapid soil pollution hotspot mapping in Eastern Europe. PXRF was used to assess As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, Zn, and V at 131 georeferenced points (121 impacted; 10 control) in and around the city of Baia Mare, Romania. For spatial variability analysis, ordinary kriging interpolation was used to predict elemental levels in unsampled locations. Pb exceeded the action limit in 91.09% of the area, followed by As (81.20%), Cu (41.52%), Zn (26.69%), and Cr (5.58%). Indicator kriging was then used to estimate the probabilities of data exceeding certain threshold levels. As a result, the pollution hotspots were quickly identified. The highest estimated probabilities of surpassing the Romanian action limits were found around the smelting plant and dispersal stack. Results indicated a likelihood of exceeding action limits of 75% for Cu and between 50 and 75% for Zn. A major portion of the study area showed high probabilities for As and Pb surpassing the Romanian action limits by 75%. Summarily, the PXRF/indicator kriging approach proved effective at rapidly assessing the potential of metal-laden soils to exceed government mandated limits. Using this approach, other cities impacted by similar operations can quickly and cost effectively map areas of concern.
机译：工业污染是一个全球问题，特别是在有毒金属倾向于积聚土壤，沉积物和水中的采矿/冶炼场所附近。这些元素对人类和其他生物的健康构成了风险。在东欧，评估毒性元素，如PB，Cu，Zn等，因为传统方法由于样品收集，化学消化和在实验室中量化而昂贵且耗时。为了减少这些限制，需要新的评估方法在受影响的区域部署。本文进行的研究是将便携式X射线荧光（PXRF）光谱法与非参数指示器Kriging结合在东欧的快速土壤污染热点映射。 PXRF用于评估，在Baia Mare，罗马尼亚城市和周围的131个地理位置点（121），Cu，Cr，Mn，Pb，Zn和V.对于空间可变性分析，普通的Kriging插值用于预测未夹杂地点的元素水平。 PB超过该地区的91.09％的行动限制，其次是（81.20％），Cu（41.52％），Zn（26.69％）和Cr（5.58％）。然后使用指示克里格来估计超过某些阈值水平的数据的概率。结果，迅速识别污染热点。在冶炼厂和分散堆叠周围发现了超越罗马尼亚行动限制的最高估计概率。结果表明，对于Zn的50％和50％至75％，抑制了75％的动作极限的可能性。该研究区域的主要部分显示出高概率和PB超越罗马尼亚行动限额75％。总而言之，PXRF /指标Kriging方法在迅速评估金属载土壤的潜力方面有效地证明了有效的潜力。使用这种方法，由类似操作影响的其他城市可以快速和成本地映射关注的领域。

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