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首页> 外文期刊>Geophysics: Journal of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists >Surveying Batavia's Graveyard: Geophysical controlled experiments and subsurface imaging of archaeological sites on an Indian Ocean coral island
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Surveying Batavia's Graveyard: Geophysical controlled experiments and subsurface imaging of archaeological sites on an Indian Ocean coral island

机译：测量Batavia的墓地：印度洋珊瑚岛的考古遗址地球物理对照实验和地下成像

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摘要

We conducted geophysical surveys on Beacon Island in the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago offshore Western Australia, to investigate areas of archaeological interest related to the 1629 Batavia shipwreck, mutiny, and massacre. We used three complementary near-surface geophysical survey techniques (total magnetic intensity, electromagnetic induction mapping, and ground-penetrating radar) to identify anomalous target zones for archaeological excavation. Interpreting near-surface geophysical anomalies is often complex and nonunique, although it can be significantly improved by achieving a better understanding of site-specific factors including background conditions, natural variability, detectability limits, and the geophysical response to, and spatial resolution of, buried targets. These factors were not well-understood for Beacon Island nor indeed for the Australian coastal environment. We have evaluated the results of controlled experiments in which we bury known targets at representative depths and analyze the geophysical responses in terms of an ability to detect and resolve targets from natural background variability. The maximum depth of detectability of calibration targets on Beacon Island is limited to approximately 0.5 m due to significant variations in background physical properties between a thin (<1.3 m) and highly unconsolidated dry sand, shell, and coral layer of variable thickness overlying a sea-water-saturated sandy half-space. Our controlled measurements have implications for calibrating and quantifying the interpretation of geophysical anomalies in areas of archaeological interest, particularly in coastal and sandy-coral island environments. Our geophysical analyzes contributed to the discovery of archaeological materials and five historical burials associated with the 1629 Batavia shipwreck.
机译：我们在海澳大利亚海上澳大利亚海澳大利亚岛群岛群岛的地球物理调查，调查了与1629个Batavia海难，叛想和大屠杀有关的考古利益领域。我们使用了三种互补近表面地球物理测量技术（总磁强，电磁感应映射和地面穿透雷达），以识别用于考古挖掘的异常目标区域。解释近表面地球物理异常通常是复杂的和扰乱，尽管通过实现更好的理解特定的特定因素，可以显着改善，包括背景条件，自然可变性，可检测性限制以及埋地的空间分辨率和空间分辨率的地球物理反应目标。对于据信标岛而不是澳大利亚沿海环境，这些因素并不是很好地理解。我们已经评估了受控实验的结果，其中我们在代表性深度埋葬了已知的目标，并在检测和解决自然背景变异性的能力方面分析地球物理反应。由于薄（<1.3米）和高度未溶胀的干砂，壳体和可变厚度上覆盖的可变厚度之间的背景物理性质的显着变化，校准目标的最大校准靶的可检测性的最大探测能力限制为大约0.5米 - 水饱和的桑迪半空间。我们的受控测量具有对校准和量化考古兴趣领域地球物理异常的解释的影响，特别是在沿海和沙质珊瑚岛环境中的地球物理异常的解释。我们的地球物理分析有助于发现考古学材料和与1629 Batavia海难相关的五个历史埋葬。

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