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首页> 外文期刊>Bioinspiration & biomimetics >Hydrodynamics of frontal striking in aquatic snakes: drag, added mass, and the possible consequences for prey capture success
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Hydrodynamics of frontal striking in aquatic snakes: drag, added mass, and the possible consequences for prey capture success

机译：水下蛇中正面撞击的流体动力学：拖累，弥补质量，以及猎物捕获成功的可能后果

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摘要

Transient locomotion under water is highly constrained by drag and added mass, yet some aquatic snakes catch their prey using a fast forward acceleration, with the mouth opened. These aquatic snakes show a convergence of their head shape in comparison with closely related species that do not forage under water. As both drag and added mass are related to some extent to the shape of the moving object, we explored how shape impacts the hydrodynamic forces applied to the head of a snake during a prey capture event. We compared two 3D-printed heads representing typical shapes of aquatically-foraging and non-aquatically-foraging snakes, and frontal strike kinematics based on in vivo observations. By using direct force measurements, we calculated the drag and added mass coefficient of the two models. Our results show that both drag and added mass are reduced in aquatic snakes. The drag coefficient of the aquatic model is 0.24, which is almost two times smaller than the non-aquatic model. The added mass coefficient of the aquatic model is 0.15 versus 0.24 for the non-aquatic model, showing that the convergence of head shape in aquatically foraging snakes is associated with a hydrodynamic advantage during frontal striking. The vorticity field measurements with particle image velocimetry show that a less intense recirculation bubble behind the jaw of the aquatic model, compared to the non-aquatic model, might be the basis of this advantage.
机译：水下的瞬态运动受到阻力和增加的质量受到高度限制，但一些水生蛇采用快进加速来捕获他们的猎物，嘴巴打开。这些水生蛇显示头部形状的融合，与不在水下不觅食的密切相关的物种相比。随着阻力和增加的质量在某种程度上与移动物体的形状有关，我们探讨了在猎物捕获事件期间施加到蛇头部的流体动力力。我们比较了两种3D印刷头，代表了一种基于体内观测的水上觅食和非水上觅食蛇的典型形状，以及前攻击运动学。通过使用直接力测量，我们计算了两种模型的拖动和增加质量系数。我们的结果表明，水生蛇中的阻力和增加的质量减少了。水生模型的阻力系数为0.24，几乎比非水模型小两倍。对于非水生模型，水生模型的增加的质量系数为0.15与0.24，表明，在水上觅食蛇中的头部形状的收敛与前击醒时的流体动力学有关。具有粒子图像VELOCIMETRY的涡流场测量表明，与非水模型相比，水生模型的下颚背后较小的再循环气泡可能是这一优势的基础。

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