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首页> 外文期刊>Geoheritage >Geoheritage of the Eastern Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: a Uniquely Exposed Layered Igneous Intrusion
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Geoheritage of the Eastern Limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: a Uniquely Exposed Layered Igneous Intrusion

机译：Bushveld Digeous Complex的东部肢体的Geoheretage，南非：一种独特的暴露分层的侵入

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摘要

The eastern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex outcrops in the Middleveld, a localized physiographic region of northeastern South Africa associated with an erosional embayment into the interior plateau. Superimposed drainage of the Olifants and Steelpoort Rivers has produced a mountainous terrain where the layered ultramafic-mafic rocks ("Rustenburg Layered Suite") and metamorphic aureole outcrop in regional escarpments and arcuate ridges. Meter-thick igneous layers can be delineated for tens of kilometers. Five principal zones are recognized; each comprised of different groups of cumulates with distinctive marker layers. Orebodies such as chromitites and PGE reefs (Critical Zone) and Ti-magnetite layers (Upper Zone) are constrained to specific zones. Despite the origin of igneous layering being incompletely understood, field evidence suggests that the Rustenburg Layered Suite developed incrementally from injection of thin magma sheets. Each zone is associated with discrete lineages of parental magmas. The Merensky Reef, the most well known of the layered orebodies, has an unusual origin in that it may have crystallized from ultramafic sills that were injected into a pre-existing noritic-anorthositic substrate. The primary layering is transgressed by discordant ultramafic bodies, of which two types, dunite pipes and the unusual iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies, are significant. The eastern limb has a long history of human habitation and the valleys and interior plateau are relatively densely populated. Details of the African Iron Age and history of the Sekhukhune people are preserved at the Tsate cultural center. Three pioneering geologists, Arthur Hall, Hans Merensky, and Percy Wagner, greatly advanced Bushveld geology and were involved in the 1924-9 "platinum rush." This culminated in discovery of four platiniferous discordant pipes and the Merensky Reef. The mining heritage includes the discovery site of platinum (Mooihoek pipe), the world's oldest underground platinum mine (Onverwacht pipe), and historical workings on the Merensky Reef (Winnaarshoek). The combination of classic outcrops of layered ultramafic-mafic rocks, together with the unique community and mining heritage, justifies establishing an eastern limb geopark.
机译：Bushveld的东部肢体中序中的中序，东北非洲东北部地区的局部地理区域与进入内部高原的侵蚀逆转。橄榄树和斯蒂尔山脉河流的叠加排水产生了一个多山地形，其中分层的超空白岩石岩（“Restenburg分层套件”）和区域悬崖和弧形脊的变质天气露头。仪表厚的火成层可以划定数十公里。认可五个主要区域;每个由不同的标记层组成不同的累积组。诸如克铬酸盐和PGE珊瑚礁（临界区）和Ti-磁铁矿层（上部区域）的矿体被约束到特定区域。尽管不完全理解的火导体分层起源，但现场证据表明，鲁道奈堡分层套件从注射薄岩浆床单中逐步开发。每个区域与父母岩浆的离散谱系相关联。 Merensky Reef是最熟知的层状矿物质，具有异常的起源，因为它可能已经从注射到预先存在的Noritic-AntorysiC基底中的超微筛岩石中结晶。初级分层由不间断的超薄体归叉，其中两种类型，DUNITE管和富含铁富含耐铁的超胶质粘膜体。东部肢体历史悠久的人类居住历史，山谷和内部高原相对密集地填充。非洲铁时代和Sekhukhune人民的历史的细节保存在第十人文化中心。三位开创性地质学家，亚瑟霍尔，汉斯曼斯基和珀西·瓦格纳（Percy Wagner），大大高级的Bushveld地质，并参与了1924 - 9“铂金匆忙”。这在发现四个韧性不和谐的管道和甘蔗礁的发现。采矿遗产包括铂金（Moohoek Pipe）的发现站点，这是世界上最古老的地下白金矿（Onverwacht管道）和Merensky Reef（Winnaarshoek）的历史工作。分层超空白岩石岩石经典露头的组合，以及独特的社区和采矿遗产，证明建立东部肢体地质公园。

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