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首页> 外文期刊>Freshwater science >Seasonal aquatic macrophytes reduce water temperatures via a riverine canopy in a spring-fed stream
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Seasonal aquatic macrophytes reduce water temperatures via a riverine canopy in a spring-fed stream

机译：季节性水生宏观物体通过河流覆盖溪流溪流的溪流溪流来减少水温

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摘要

Maximum water temperatures in streams throughout the western USA typically occur in late summer and early autumn, coinciding with low stream flow. However, in the spring-fed Big Springs Creek in northern California, where constant-temperature groundwater springs provide relatively stable stream flow throughout the year, peak water temperatures and maximum diurnal variability occur in spring. We attribute this anomaly to the riverine canopy provided by emergent aquatic macrophytes (e.g., Polygonum hydropiperoides and Nasturtium officinale), which mimics the shade function of a riparian canopy. Macrophyte biomass increased 264% between January and August 2011. This increase coincided with a 111% reduction in flow velocity and a 53% increase in stream depth. Solar radiation was reduced by an average of 88% in patches of macrophytes that covered similar to 50% of the water surface during the summer. Decreased solar radiation reduced rates of stream heating, maximum temperatures, and temperature variability. We tested the riverine canopy hypothesis analytically based on a 2-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-temperature model. The model predicted that emergent aquatic macrophytes reduce maximum water temperatures by an average of 5.1 degrees C (p < 0.001) during late summer, when water temperatures in northern California streams typically increase. Our study shows the influence of a riverine canopy on naturally occurring temporal patterns of water temperature in a spring-fed stream. Our results could inform basin-scale management or regulatory strategies to address water-temperature conditions.
机译：美国西部溪流中的最大水温通常发生在夏季和初秋，与低流程相吻合。然而，在加利福尼亚州北部的春季大泉溪中，其中恒温地下水弹簧全年提供相对稳定的流流，春季水温和最大昼夜变异性发生。我们将这种异常归因于河流冠层，由急产水生型宏观物质（例如，薄粒子湿度和NAsturtium Officinale）提供，这模仿了河岸冠层的阴影功能。 2011年1月至8月宏观物质生物量增加了264％。这种增加一致的流速减少111％，流深度增加53％。在夏季，太阳辐射降低了28％的蛋白质斑块的斑块，覆盖着50％的水面。降低的太阳辐射降低了流加热，最大温度和温度变化的速率。基于二维流体动力学和水温模型，我们在分析地测试了河流冠层假设。该模型预测，急性水生型宏观物质在夏季深夜降低了5.1摄氏度（P <0.001）的最大水温，当时加州北部的水温通常增加。我们的研究表明河流冠层对弹簧喂料流自然发生的水温时空模式的影响。我们的结果可以告知盆地管理或监管策略以解决水温条件。

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