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In situ transmission electron microscopy observation of nanostructural changes in phase-change memory

机译:原位透射电镜观察相变存储器中纳米结构的变化

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Phase-change memory (PCM) has been researched extensively as a promising alternative to flash memory. Important studies have focused on its scalability, switching speed, endurance, and new materials. Still, reliability issues and inconsistent switching in PCM devices motivate the need to further study its fundamental properties. However, many investigations treat PCM cells as black boxes; nanostructural changes inside the devices remain hidden. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we observe real-time nanostructural changes in lateral Ge_2Sb_2Te_5 (GST) PCM bridges during switching. We find that PCM devices with similar resistances can exhibit distinct threshold switching behaviors due to the different initial distribution of nanocrystalline and amorphous domains, explaining variability of switching behaviors of PCM cells in the literature. Our findings show a direct correlation between nanostructure and switching behavior, providing important guidelines in the design and operation of future PCM devices with improved endurance and lower variability.
机译:相变存储器(PCM)已被广泛研究作为闪存的有前途的替代品。重要的研究集中在其可扩展性,切换速度,耐用性和新材料上。尽管如此,PCM设备中的可靠性问题和不一致的开关仍促使人们需要进一步研究其基本特性。但是,许多研究将PCM单元视为黑匣子。器件内部的纳米结构变化仍然隐藏。在这里,使用原位透射电子显微镜,我们观察到横向Ge_2Sb_2Te_5(GST)PCM桥在切换过程中的实时纳米结构变化。我们发现,由于纳米晶域和非晶域的初始分布不同,具有相似电阻的PCM器件可以表现出不同的阈值开关行为,从而在文献中解释了PCM单元开关行为的可变性。我们的发现表明,纳米结构与开关行为之间存在直接的相关性,为未来PCM设备的设计和操作提供了重要的指导,具有增强的耐久性和较低的可变性。

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