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Carotenoid pigments in rust fungi: Extraction, separation, quantification and characterisation

机译：生锈真菌的类胡萝卜素颜料：提取，分离，量化和表征

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摘要

Diseases caused by rust fungi represent critical constraints to global plant production. A characteristic feature of rust pathogens is the striking pigments they produce in one or more spore forms, which give them a rusty appearance. Here, we review the literature published to date on the extraction, separation, quantification and characterisation of carotenoid pigments in rust fungi. These pigments are thought to protect rust fungi against UV radiation and oxidative stress, and possibly act as virulence factors. The yellow orange colour of some rust species is due to carotenoid pigments. Four carotenoids have been found in rust fungi: phytoene, lycopene, gamma-carotene and beta-carotene, but their relative contributions to biological functions are largely unknown. Different pre-processes and storage of spore materials, as well as different extraction processes, have been applied in a wide range of investigations on rust spore pigments. We find that the value of the current literature on rust carotenoids for taxonomic diagnostics in understanding the evolution of pigment biosynthesis and in assessing their role in pathogenesis is limited. Reinvestigation of rust carotenoid composition using modern analytical technologies is therefore critical to further these fields of research. Our review includes detailed guidance on choice of techniques for rust carotenoid experimental analyses. (C) 2018 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：防锈真菌引起的疾病代表了全球植物生产的危急制约。生锈病原体的特征是它们在一种或多种孢子形式中产生的醒目颜料，其使它们具有生锈的外观。在这里，我们审查了迄今为止发布的文献，迄今为止锈真菌类胡萝卜素颜料的提取，分离，定量和表征。这些颜料被认为保护防锈真菌免受紫外线辐射和氧化应激，并且可能充当毒力因子。一些生锈物种的黄色橙色是由于类胡萝卜素颜料。在锈真菌中发现了四种类胡萝卜素：植物，番茄红素，γ-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素，但它们对生物功能的相对贡献主要是未知的。孢子材料的不同预处理和储存以及不同的提取过程，已应用于锈孢子颜料的各种调查。我们发现当前文献对分类语诊断的生锈类胡萝卜素的价值在了解色素生物合成的演变和评估其在发病机制中的作用是有限的。因此，使用现代分析技术重新调用锈类胡萝卜素组合物对进一步的这些研究领域至关重要。我们的审核包括对锈类动物骨化实验分析技术选择的详细指导。 （c）2018年英国Mycological社会。 elsevier有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

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