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首页> 外文期刊>ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering >Conversion of Lignin Precursors to Carbon Fibers with Nanoscale Graphitic Domains
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Conversion of Lignin Precursors to Carbon Fibers with Nanoscale Graphitic Domains

机译：木质素前体转化为纳米级石墨域的碳纤维

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摘要

Lignin is one of the most abundant and inexpensive natural biopolymers. It can be efficiently converted to low cost carbon fiber, monolithic structures, or powders that could be used directly in the production of anodes for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we report thermomechanical processing methods relevant for the conversion of lignin precursors into carbon fiber-based anode materials, the impact of lignin precursor modification on melt processing, and the microstructure of the final carbon material. Modification of softwood lignin produced functionalities and rheological properties that more closely resemble hardwood lignin thereby enabling the melt processing of softwood lignin in oxidative atmospheres (air). The conversion process encompasses melt spinning of the lignin precursor, oxidative stabilization, and a low temperature carbonization step in a nitrogen/hydrogen atmosphere. We determined resistivities of individual carbon fiber samples and characterized the micro- structure by scanning electron microscopy. Neutron diffraction reveals nanoscale graphitic domains embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. These unique structural characteristics make biomass-derived carbon fibers a suitable material for energy storage applications with enhanced electrochemical performance.
机译：木质素是最丰富和最便宜的天然生物聚合物之一。它可以有效地转化为低成本的碳纤维，整体结构或粉末，这些粉末可直接用于锂离子电池的负极生产。在这项工作中，我们报告了与木质素前体转化为碳纤维基阳极材料有关的热机械加工方法，木质素前体改性对熔融加工的影响以及最终碳材料的微观结构。软木木质素的改性产生的功能和流变性质与硬木木质素更加相似，从而使软木木质素能够在氧化性气氛（空气）中熔融加工。转化过程包括木质素前体的熔融纺丝，氧化稳定化以及在氮/氢气氛中的低温碳化步骤。我们确定了单个碳纤维样品的电阻率，并通过扫描电子显微镜表征了微观结构。中子衍射揭示了嵌入无定形碳基质中的纳米级石墨域。这些独特的结构特征使生物质衍生的碳纤维成为具有增强的电化学性能的能量存储应用的合适材料。

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