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Three-dimensional imaging of fracture propagation in tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic Chang 7 member, Ordos Basin, Northern China

机译：鄂尔多斯盆地鄂尔多斯盆地，鄂尔多斯盆地，鄂尔多斯盆地，鄂尔多斯盆地，鄂尔多斯盆地，鄂尔多斯盆地

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摘要

The characteristics of fracture propagation in heterogeneous tight sandstones are critical to volumetric fracturing, which is the key to unlocking unconventional resources in tight sandstones. Quantification of the influence of pre-existing pore systems and particle arrangements on the propagation of fractures is challenging due to inadequate imaging of the internal void systems in tight sandstones from three-dimensional (3D) aspect. In this study, the 3D geometry of tight sandstones from the Chang 7 member in the Ordos Basin is continuously imaged under different loading stresses, and the voxel resolution of the X-ray computed tomography is 2.5 mu m. The data set captured in this process shows the changes in the samples at the microstructural level as they approach fracturing. The data are stored as a time series of 3D images. The results demonstrate that (i) fractures propagate progressively and gradually link with pre-existing pores, resulting in macroscopic fractures with a maximum width of 250 mu m, while newly generated fractures could break up particles and may not follow the line of pre-existing fractures; and (ii) three stages were identified in the failure process of tight sandstones, with new fractures running at an angle of about 30 degrees to the general direction of the stress of compression. The total volumes of both the sample and pore-fractures, and the damage index, which were extracted from the 3D images, all increased when approaching fracturing. The final volume of pore-fracture systems could be 11 times that of the initial pore volume. All of these observations provide valuable insights and design guidelines for hydraulic fracturing in unconventional tight sandstones, and a quantified model of the dynamics and the morphology of fracture propagation with increasing stress approaching failure, which may shed light on dynamic critical transitions in the Earth's crust.
机译：异质紧密砂岩中骨折繁殖的特点对体积压裂至关重要，这是解锁紧密砂岩中非传统资源的关键。由于三维（3D）方面的紧密砂岩中的内部空隙系统的成像不足，预先存在的孔系统和颗粒布置对骨折传播的影响是挑战性的。在该研究中，鄂尔多斯盆地中的Chang 7构件的紧密砂岩的3D几何形状在不同的负载应力下连续成像，X射线计算机断层扫描的体素分辨率为2.5亩。在该过程中捕获的数据集显示了在微观结构水平下的样本中的变化，因为它们接近压裂。数据存储为3D图像的时间序列。结果表明，（i）裂缝逐渐繁殖并与预先存在的孔逐渐蔓延，导致最大宽度为250μm的宏观骨折，而新产生的骨折可能会分解粒子，可能不会遵循预先存在的线骨折; （ii）在紧密砂岩的故障过程中鉴定了三个阶段，新的骨折以大约30度的角度延伸到压缩应力的一般方向。样品和孔隙骨折的总量，以及从3D图像中提取的损伤指数，当接近压裂时都增加。孔隙骨折系统的最终体积可能是初始孔体积的11倍。所有这些观察结果都提供了有价值的见解和设计指南，用于在非传统的紧密砂岩中的液压压裂，以及随着应力接近失效的增加的动力学和骨折传播形态的量化模型，这可能揭示了地壳中的动态临界过渡。

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  • 来源
    《Marine and Petroleum Geology》 |2020年第1期|共11页
  • 作者

    Wu Songtao; Yang Zhi; Pan Songqi; Cui Jingwei; Lin Senhu; Su Ling; Bale Hrishikesh; Hong Youli; Shi Wen;

  • 作者单位

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    China Natl Petr Corp CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat &

    Dev RIPED Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Carl Zeiss Shanghai Co Ltd Shanghai 200131 Peoples R China;

    Carl Zeiss Shanghai Co Ltd Shanghai 200131 Peoples R China;

    Carl Zeiss Shanghai Co Ltd Shanghai 200131 Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋资源与开发;
  • 关键词

    Unconventional petroleum; Tight oil; Nano-pores; Hydro-fracturing; Rock mechanics;

    机译：非常规石油;紧身油;纳米毛孔;水力压裂;摇滚力学;

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