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Global and site-specific analysis of protein glycosylation in complex biological systems with Mass Spectrometry

机译：具有质谱法的复杂生物体系中蛋白质糖基化的全局和现场特异性分析

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Protein glycosylation is ubiquitous in biological systems and plays essential roles in many cellular events. Global and site-specific analysis of glycoproteins in complex biological samples can advance our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular activities. However, it is extraordinarily challenging because of the low abundance of many glycoproteins and the heterogeneity of glycan structures. The emergence of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has provided us an excellent opportunity to comprehensively study proteins and their modifications, including glycosylation. In this review, we first summarize major methods for glycopeptide/glycoprotein enrichment, followed by the chemical and enzymatic methods to generate a mass tag for glycosylation site identification. We next discuss the systematic and quantitative analysis of glycoprotein dynamics. Reversible protein glycosylation is dynamic, and systematic study of glycoprotein dynamics helps us gain insight into glycoprotein functions. The last part of this review focuses on the applications of MS-based proteomics to study glycoproteins in different biological systems, including yeasts, plants, mice, human cells, and clinical samples. Intact glycopeptide analysis is also included in this section. Because of the importance of glycoproteins in complex biological systems, the field of glycoproteomics will continue to grow in the next decade. Innovative and effective MS-based methods will exponentially advance glycoscience, and enable us to identify glycoproteins as effective biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 9999: XX-XX, 2019.
机译：蛋白质糖基化在生物系统中普遍存在，并且在许多细胞事件中起着重要作用。全局和现场特异性分析复杂生物样品中的糖蛋白可以推进我们对糖蛋白功能和细胞活性的理解。然而，由于许多糖蛋白和聚糖结构的异质性，因此是非常具有挑战性的。基于质谱（MS）的蛋白质组学的出现为全面研究蛋白质及其修饰提供了绝佳的机会，包括糖基化。在本文中，我们首先总结了糖肽/糖蛋白富集的主要方法，其次是化学和酶法，以产生用于糖基化位点的质量标签。我们接下来探讨糖蛋白动力学的系统和定量分析。可逆蛋白质糖基化是动态的，并且对糖蛋白动力学的系统研究有助于我们深入了解糖蛋白功能。本综述的最后一部分重点是基于MS的蛋白质组学的应用，研究不同的生物系统中的糖蛋白，包括酵母，植物，小鼠，人细胞和临床样品。完整的糖肽分析也包括在本节中。由于糖蛋白在复杂的生物系统中的重要性，糖蛋白质的领域将继续在未来十年内生长。基于创新和有效的MS基方法将指数推进糖类性，并使我们能够将糖蛋白鉴定为疾病检测和药物靶向疾病治疗的有效生物标志物。 （c）2019 Wiley期刊，Inc。大众规格Rev 9999：XX-XX，2019。

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