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首页> 外文期刊>Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change >Assessing the high impacts of land use change: spatial characteristics of land uses and ecological compensation based on payment for ecosystem services model in a mountainous area, China
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Assessing the high impacts of land use change: spatial characteristics of land uses and ecological compensation based on payment for ecosystem services model in a mountainous area, China

机译：评估土地利用变化的高影响：基于生态系统服务模型的土地利用空间特征及生态补偿，中国山区

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摘要

Most impacts on ecosystem services (ESs) are related to land use changes that may cause ecosystem fragmentation and loss of ecosystem functions. Spatial planning focused on sustainable landscape development should consider the local potential for providing ESs as well as ecological conservation due to land use changes. To better address the issues that are related to ecological and the ecological and environmental conservation, ecological compensation could coordinate the development of the energy, the economy, and the environment by internalizing environmental externalities and adjusting for the relationships with stakeholders' benefits. In this study, we developed a framework for analyzing the spatial characteristics of land uses and calculating ecological compensation based on pay for ecosystem services (PESs) from 1995 to 2010 in the upstream of Min River, China. In terms of lacunarity analysis, we firstly explored the spatial patterns of land uses in these two periods that occurred at different spatial characteristic scales. We also observed a strong relationship between lacunarity values and the different distribution patterns of land uses. We then investigated changes in ESs in response to land use change through the assignment of per unit area ecological service value (ESV) method. The total value of ESs dropped from 449.97 billion yuan in 1995 to 441.35 billion yuan in 2010, exhibiting decreasing rate, mainly due to the degradation of woodlands. Soil formation and retention, gas regulation, and biodiversity protection were the three largest ESs, contributing about 50% of the total ESV. Considering the changed relation between social and economic indicators and ESV based on spatial visualization and analysis, we finally constructed a quantitative estimate model for ecological compensation taking a village as study unit and determined standard value so as to evaluate ecological compensation from 1995 to 2010. Spatial differences of the ecological compensation were significant among all the villages and towns. The maximum ecological compensation account (ranged from 1.68 to 8.54 billion yuan) appeared in the villages approximated to Li County, Heishui County, and Songpan County, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. This proposed framework provides a better understanding of spatial characteristic scales of land uses and enables evaluation of the ecological integrity of landscapes. It also fills up the gap in the field of quantitative evaluation of regional ecological compensation and provides a feasible way to reconcile the conflicts among benefits in the economic, social, and ecological sectors.
机译：大多数对生态系统服务（ESS）的影响与土地利用变化有关，可能导致生态系统碎片和生态系统功能的损失。空间规划专注于可持续发展景观发展，应考虑由于土地利用变化而提供ESS和生态保护的当地潜力。为了更好地解决与生态和生态环境保护有关的问题，生态赔偿可以通过内化环境外部性并对利益相关者利益的关系进行调整，协调能源，经济和环境的发展。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个框架，用于分析土地使用的空间特征和基于生态系统服务（PES）的工资计算生态补偿，从1995年到2010年在Min River，Min River，China的中国。在宽度分析方面，我们首先探讨了在不同空间特征尺度上发生的这两个时段中的土地空间模式。我们还观察到了宽度值与土地使用的不同分布模式之间的强有力的关系。然后，我们通过分配每单位区域生态服务价值（ESV）方法来调查ESS的变化。 ESS的总价值从1995年的449.97亿元降至2010年441.35亿元，表现出降幅，主要是由于林地的退化。土壤形成和保留，气体调节和生物多样性保护是三个最大的ESS，占ESV总量的50％。考虑到社会和经济指标与ESV之间的改变关系，基于空间可视化和分析，我们最终构建了一个村庄作为学习单位的生态补偿的定量估算模型，并确定了标准值，以评估1995年至2010年的生态赔偿。空间所有村庄和城镇之间生态赔偿的差异是重要的。村庄近似于李县，海曙县，中华人民共和国四川的李县，最大生态补偿账户（范围从1.68〜854亿元人民币。该拟议的框架提供了更好地了解土地使用的空间特征尺度，并实现评估景观的生态完整性。它还填补了区域生态赔偿的定量评估领域的差距，并提供了一种可行的方式来调和经济，社会和生态部门的福利之间的冲突。

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