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首页> 外文期刊>Addiction >Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors.
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Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: a comparison of former injectors and never injectors.

机译：非注射型海洛因使用者中向注射型过渡的潜在危险因素：以前注射者和从未注射者的比较。

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摘要

AIMS: To compare potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users (NIUs) with different injecting histories. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from baseline structured interviews with NIUs in a study on transitions to injecting. Sample recruited by outreach or chain-referral in New York City (NYC), 1996-1998. SETTING: Recruitment of sample and interviews conducted in a NYC neighborhood where many drug users reside and/or use drugs. PARTICIPANTS: Of 575 NIUs, 67% had never injected; 16% had injected one to nine times (infrequent former injectors (IFI)); and 18% 10 or more times (frequent former injectors (FFI)). MEASUREMENTS: Controlling for age and race/ethnicity, adjusted odds ratios were estimated in multivariate logistic regression, and differences in means tested by ANCOVA. FINDINGS: FFI (compared to never injectors and IFI) were more likely: to be homeless; to be unemployed; to be long-time users; to be younger at first heroin use; to not have initiated heroin use through non-injected routes; to not be afraid of injecting themselves with needles; to sniff heroin with former IDUs; and, for both men and women separately, to have sex partners who were former IDUs. Both FFI and IFI were twice as likely as never injectors to perceive that their friends thought that it was "OK" to inject drugs. CONCLUSIONS: FFI have multiple individual and network characteristics that may increase their risk of injecting drugs. Interventions among NIUs to prevent transitions to injecting need to ascertain NIUs' injecting history and address the many potential risks that FFI have for resuming injecting drug use.
机译：目的：比较具有不同注射历史的非注射海洛因使用者（NIU）过渡到注射的潜在风险因素。设计：从基线到与NIU进行结构性访谈的横断面数据，该研究涉及到注射的过渡。 1996-1998年在纽约市（New York City，NYC）通过外联或链引荐招募的样本。地点：在许多吸毒者居住和/或使用毒品的纽约市附近进行的样本搜集和访谈。参与者：在575个NIU中，有67％从未注射过。 16％的人已经注射了1到9次（以前的注射器很少）。 10％或更多次数的18％（以前的进样器（FFI））。测量：控制年龄和种族/民族，在多元logistic回归中估计调整后的优势比，并通过ANCOVA检验均值差异。结果：FFI（与从未使用过喷油器和IFI相比）更有可能：无家可归;失业;成为长期用户;初次使用海洛因时要年轻一些;没有通过非注射途径开始使用海洛因;不要害怕给自己注射针头;与以前的注射毒品吸毒者嗅海洛因;并分别对男人和女人有以前的注射毒品使用者的性伴侣。 FFI和IFI的可能性都是注射者从未意识到他们的朋友认为注射毒品“可以”的两倍。结论：FFI具有多个个人和网络特征，可能会增加其注射毒品的风险。为了防止向注射用药物过渡，需要在NIU之间进行干预，以确定NIU的注射历史并解决FFI对恢复注射用药的许多潜在风险。

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