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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular imaging and biology: MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging >X-ray-Based 3D Virtual Histology-Adding the Next Dimension to Histological Analysis
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X-ray-Based 3D Virtual Histology-Adding the Next Dimension to Histological Analysis

机译：基于X射线的3D虚拟组织学 - 将下一个维度添加到组织学分析

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摘要

Histology and immunohistochemistry of thin tissue sections have been the standard diagnostic procedure in many diseases for decades. This method is highly specific for particular tissue regions or cells, but mechanical sectioning of the specimens is required, which destroys the sample in the process and can lead to non-uniform tissue deformations. In addition, regions of interest cannot be located beforehand and the analysis is intrinsically two-dimensional. Micro X-ray computed tomography (mu CT) on the other hand can provide 3D images at high resolution and allows for quantification of tissue structures, as well as the localization of small regions of interest. These advantages advocate the use of mu CT for virtual histology tool with or without subsequent classical histology. This review summarizes the most recent examples of virtual histology and provides currently known possibilities of improving contrast and resolution of mu CT. Following a background in mu CT imaging, ex vivo staining procedures for contrast enhancement are presented as well as label-free virtual histology approaches and the technologies, which could rapidly advance it, such as phase-contrast CT. Novel approaches such as zoom tomography and nanoparticulate contrast agents will also be considered. The current evidence suggests that virtual histology may present a valuable addition to the workflow of histological analysis, potentially reducing the workload in pathology, refining tissue classification, and supporting the detection of small malignancies.
机译：薄组织部分的组织学和免疫组织化学在几十年来的许多疾病中是标准的诊断程序。该方法对于特定的组织区域或细胞是高度特异性的，但是需要样品的机械切片，这是在该过程中破坏样品并且可以导致非均匀的组织变形。此外，利息地区不能事先定位，分析是本质上二维的。另一方面，微X射线计算机断层扫描（MU CT）可以在高分辨率下提供3D图像，并且允许量化组织结构，以及小区域的定位。这些优势倡导使用MU CT的虚拟组织学工具，或没有随后的经典组织学。本综述总结了虚拟组织学的最新示例，并提供了提高MU CT对比度和分辨率的当前已知的可能性。在MU CT成像中的背景下，呈现了对比增强的前体内染色程序以及无标签的虚拟组织学方法和技术，可以迅速推进它，例如相位对比度CT。还将考虑更加缩放断层扫描和纳米颗粒造影剂等新方法。目前的证据表明，虚拟组织学可能对组织学分析的工作流程提供有价值的补充，可能降低病理学中的工作量，精炼组织分类，并支持对小恶性肿瘤的检测。

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