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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular ecology >Landscape genomic signatures indicate reduced gene flow and forest-associated adaptive divergence in an endangered neotropical turtle
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Landscape genomic signatures indicate reduced gene flow and forest-associated adaptive divergence in an endangered neotropical turtle

机译：景观基因组签名表明濒危新龟的基因流动和森林相关的自适应分歧

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Human-induced transformations of ecosystems usually result in fragmented populations subject to increased extinction risk. Fragmentation is also often associated with novel environmental heterogeneity, which in combination with restricted gene flow may increase the opportunity for local adaptation. To manage at-risk populations in these landscapes, it is important to understand how gene flow is changing, and how populations respond to habitat loss. We conducted a landscape genomics analysis using Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing to investigate the evolutionary response of the critically endangered Dahl's Toad-headed turtle (Mesoclemmys dahli) to severe habitat modification. The species has lost almost all of its natural habitat in the southwestern part of its range and about 70% in the northeast. Based on least cost path analysis across different resistance surfaces for 3,211 SNPs, we found that the landscape matrix is restricting gene flow, causing the fragmentation of the species into at least six populations. Genome scans and allele-environment association analyses indicate that the population fragments in the deforested grasslands of the southwest are adaptively different from those in the more forested northeast. Populations in areas with no forest had low levels of adaptive genetic diversity and the fixation of ancestrally-polymorphic SNPs, consistent with directional selection in this novel environment. Our results suggest that this forest-stream specialist is adapting to pond-grassland conditions, but it is also suffering from negative consequences of habitat loss, including genetic erosion, isolation, small effective population sizes, and inbreeding. We recommend gene flow restoration via genetic rescue to counteract these threats, and provide guidance for this strategy.
机译：人类诱导的生态系统的转化通常导致碎片的群体，以增加消失风险。碎片也通常与新的环境异质性有关，其与限制基因流相结合可能会增加局部适应的机会。为了管理这些景观中的风险群体，重要的是要了解基因流动如何变化，以及人口如何应对栖息地损失。我们使用限制性部位进行了一种景观基因组学分析，该景观基因组相关的DNA测序来调查批判性DAHL的蟾蜍龟（Mesoclemmys Dahli）对严重栖息地修饰的进化反应。这些物种几乎损失了其在西南部的几乎所有自然栖息地，在其范围内，东北部约70％。基于3,211个SNP的不同电阻表面上的最小成本路径分析，我们发现景观矩阵是限制基因流动，导致物种的碎片成至少六种群体。基因组扫描和等位基因环境协会分析表明，西南部的森林草原中的人口片段自适应地不同于森林东北地区的草原。没有森林的地区的种群具有低水平的自适应遗传多样性和血管有多态性SNP的固定，与这种新颖环境中的定向选择一致。我们的研究结果表明，这种森林流专家正在适应池塘草原条件，但它也遭受了栖息地损失的负面后果，包括遗传侵蚀，隔离，小的人口尺寸和近亲繁殖。我们建议通过遗传救援实现基因流量恢复，以抵消这些威胁，并为此策略提供指导。

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