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首页> 外文期刊>Addiction biology >Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement.
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Severity of dependence modulates smokers' neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving elicited by tobacco advertisement.

机译：依赖性的严重程度可调节吸烟者因烟草广告引起的神经元提示反应性和烟瘾。

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摘要

Smoking-related cues elicit craving and mesocorticolimbic brain activation in smokers. Severity of nicotine dependence seems to moderate cue reactivity, but the direction and mechanisms of its influence remains unclear. Although tobacco control policies demand a ban on tobacco advertising, cue reactivity studies in smokers so far have not employed tobacco advertisement as experimental stimuli. We investigated whether tobacco advertisement elicits cue reactivity at a behavioral (subjective craving) and a neural level (using functional magnetic resonance imaging) in 22 smokers and 21 never-smokers. Moreover, we studied the influence of severity of dependence on cue reactivity. In smokers, tobacco advertisement elicited substantially more craving than control advertisement whereas never-smokers reported no cue induced craving. Surprisingly, neuronal cue reactivity did not differ between smokers and never-smokers. Moderately dependent smokers' craving increased over the course of the experiment, whereas highly dependent smokers' craving was unaffected. Moderately dependent smokers' brain activity elicited by tobacco advertisement was higher in the amygdala, hippocampus, putamen and thalamus compared with highly dependent smokers. Furthermore, limbic brain activation predicted picture recognition rates after the scanning session, even in never-smokers. Our findings show that tobacco advertisement elicits cigarette craving and neuronal cue reactivity primarily in moderately dependent smokers, indicating that they might be particularly responsive towards external smoking-related cues. On the other hand, neuronal cue reactivity and cigarette craving in highly dependent smokers is more likely triggered by internal cues such as withdrawal symptoms. Tobacco advertisement seems to likewise appeal to smokers and non-smokers, clarifying the potential danger especially for young non-smokers.
机译：吸烟相关的提示会引起吸烟者的渴望和中脑皮质的大脑活化。尼古丁依赖性的严重程度似乎适度提示反应性，但其影响的方向和机制仍不清楚。尽管烟草控制政策要求禁止烟草广告，但迄今为止，吸烟者的提示反应性研究尚未将烟草广告用作实验性刺激手段。我们调查了在22名吸烟者和21名从未吸烟者中，烟草广告是否在行为（主观渴望）和神经水平（使用功能磁共振成像）上引起提示反应性。此外，我们研究了严重程度对提示反应性的影响。在吸烟者中，烟草广告比对照广告引起了更多的渴望，而从不吸烟者报告没有提示引起的渴望。令人惊讶的是，吸烟者和永不吸烟者的神经元提示反应性没有差异。在实验过程中，中度依赖烟民的渴望增加了，而高度依赖烟民的渴望则不受影响。烟草广告引起的中度依赖烟民的大脑活动在杏仁核，海马，壳核和丘脑中比高度依赖烟民更高。此外，即使在从不吸烟的人中，边缘大脑的激活也可以预测扫描后的图像识别率。我们的发现表明，烟草广告主要在中度依赖的吸烟者中引起了对香烟的渴望和神经元提示反应性，表明他们可能对外部吸烟相关的提示特别敏感。另一方面，高度戒烟者的神经元提示反应性和对香烟的渴望更可能是由内在提示（如戒断症状）触发的。烟草广告似乎同样吸引了吸烟者和不吸烟者，从而明确了潜在的危害，尤其是对于年轻的不吸烟者。

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