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首页> 外文期刊>Addiction biology >Nicotine competes with a visual stimulus for control of conditioned responding.
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Nicotine competes with a visual stimulus for control of conditioned responding.

机译：尼古丁与视觉刺激竞争控制条件性反应。

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摘要

Environmental stimuli that co-occur with tobacco use come to evoke drug-related conditioned responses (CRs) that appear involved in continued use of nicotine-containing products. In rats, nicotine can serve as a conditional stimulus (CS) for non-drug unconditioned stimuli (USs), prompting the question of whether the nicotine CS can compete with, or overshadow, a non-drug environmental stimulus for control of a CR. In Experiment 1, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a group [0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.045, or 0.06 mg nicotine (base)/kg/infusion]. During each session, there were 10 intravenous infusions followed by a 30-second houselight to form a compound CS. At light offset there was 4-second access to sucrose. For Experiment 2, groups were nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) + light compound paired, nicotine + light compound unpaired, nicotine paired and light unpaired, and nicotine unpaired and light paired. Paired stimuli were presented with sucrose similar to Experiment 1. Unpaired stimuli were temporally separated from sucrose. Following acquisition, tests of nicotine and light alone were conducted by intermixing non-reinforced trails into training sessions. Nicotine dose-dependently overshadowed the light CS as shown by reduced light control of conditioned responding with higher doses. The nicotine, light, and nicotine + light compound had to be paired with sucrose to evoke a CR. These results demonstrate nicotine overshadows an exteroceptive visual stimulus. Because exteroceptive stimuli are often the focus of cue-exposure therapy, such competition may help begin to explain the marginal effectiveness of these therapies.
机译：与烟草使用同时发生的环境刺激会引起与药物相关的条件反应（CR），这些反应似乎与持续使用含尼古丁的产品有关。在大鼠中，尼古丁可作为非药物非条件性刺激（USs）的条件刺激（CS），这引发了一个问题，即尼古丁CS能否与非药物环境刺激竞争或掩盖了控制CR的非药物环境刺激。在实验1中，将雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为一组[0、0.01、0.03、0.045或0.06 mg尼古丁（碱）/ kg /输注]。在每个疗程中，进行10次静脉输注，然后进行30秒的室内照明，以形成复合CS。在光偏移下，有4秒钟的蔗糖进入。对于实验2，各组为尼古丁（0.03 mg / kg /输液）+轻化合物配对，尼古丁+轻化合物未配对，尼古丁配对和轻配对，以及尼古丁未配对和轻配对。类似于实验1，用蔗糖呈现配对的刺激物。未配对的刺激物在时间上与蔗糖分开。采集后，通过将非强化步道混合到训练课中来单独进行尼古丁和光照测试。尼古丁剂量依赖性地使光CS黯淡，如减少对高剂量响应的条件光的控制所示。尼古丁，轻和尼古丁+轻化合物必须与蔗糖配对才能诱发CR。这些结果表明，尼古丁掩盖了外在的视觉刺激。由于排外刺激经常是提示暴露疗法的重点，因此这种竞争可能有助于开始解释这些疗法的边际有效性。

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