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Childhood socio-economic status, school failure and drug abuse: A Swedish national cohort study

机译：童年的社会经济地位，学业失败和药物滥用：瑞典国家队列研究

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Aim: To investigate whether socio-economic status (SES) in childhood and school failure at 15 years of age predict illicit drug abuse in youth and young adulthood. Designsetting and participants: Register study in a Swedish national cohort born 1973-88 (n=1405763), followed from age 16 to 20-35 years. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for any indication of drug abuse. Measurements: Our outcomes were hospital admissions, death and criminality associated with illicit drug abuse. Data on socio-demographics, school grades and parental psychosocial problems were collected from censuses (1985 and 1990) and national registers. School failure was defined as having mean school grades from the final year in primary school lower than -1standard deviation and/or no grades in core subjects. Findings: School failure was a strong predictor of illicit drug abuse with an HR of 5.87 (95% CI: 5.76-5.99) after adjustment for age and sex. Childhood SES was associated with illicit drug abuse later in life in a stepwise manner. The lowest stratum had a HR of 2.28 (95% CI: 2.20-2.37) compared with the highest stratum as the reference, when adjusted for other socio-demographic variables. In the fully adjusted model, the effect of SES was greatly attenuated to an HR of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.19-1.28) in the lowest SES category, while the effect of school failure remained high with an HR of 4.22 (95% CI: 4.13-4.31). Conclusions: School failure and childhood socio-economic status predict illicit drug abuse independently in youth and young adults in Sweden.
机译：目的：调查在15岁以下儿童时期和学校失学中的社会经济状况（SES）是否可预测青少年和成年后的非法药物滥用。设计设置和参与者：在1973-88年出生的瑞典国家队列（n = 1405763）中进行研究登记，年龄从16岁到20-35岁。使用Cox回归分析来计算任何药物滥用迹象的危险比（HR）。度量：我们的结果是与非法药物滥用有关的住院，死亡和犯罪。从人口普查（1985年和1990年）和国家登记册中收集了有关社会人口统计学，学校等级和父母心理社会问题的数据。学校失败的定义是，从小学到最后一年的平均学校成绩低于-1标准偏差和/或核心科目没有成绩。调查结果：学校失学是非法药物滥用的有力预测因素，在对年龄和性别进行调整后，HR为5.87（95％CI：5.76-5.99）。童年期SES在以后的生活中逐步地与非法药物滥用有关。调整其他社会人口统计学变量后，最低阶层的HR为2.28（95％CI：2.20-2.37），而最高阶层作为参考。在完全调整的模型中，在最低SES类别中，SES的影响大大降低至HR为1.23（95％CI：1.19-1.28），而学业失败的影响仍然很高，HR为4.22（95％CI） ：4.13-4.31）。结论：学业失败和儿童的社会经济状况独立地预测了瑞典青年和年轻人中的非法药物滥用。

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