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Cultural characterization and chlamydospore function of the Ganodermataceae present in the eastern United States

机译：美国东部地区的灵芝的文化特征和衣原体孢子瘤功能

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摘要

The cultural characteristics of fungi can provide useful information for studying the biology and ecology of a group of closely related species, but these features are often overlooked in the order Polyporales. Optimal temperature and growth rate data can also be of utility for strain selection of cultivated fungi such as reishi (i.e., laccate Ganoderma species) and potential novel management tactics (e.g., solarization) for butt rot diseases caused by Ganoderma species. Historically, the taxonomy of the laccate (shiny) Ganoderma species has been unresolved and many species have been treated together as G. lucidum. The cultural characteristics of Ganoderma species from the United States are needed to understand the biology of these unique species that have all been lumped under this name. Culture morphology, average growth rate, optimal temperatures, and resiliency to elevated temperature exposure were characterized for isolates of Ganodermataceae taxa from the eastern United States, including Ganoderma curtisii, G. martinicense, G. meredithiae, G. ravenelii, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum, G. cf. weberianum, G. zonatum, and Tomophagus colossus. We documented differences in linear growth rates and optimal temperatures between taxa. Isolates of G. sessile and T. colossus grew the fastest, and isolates of G. meredithiae, G. ravenelii, and G. tsugae grew the slowest. Isolates of G. sessile, G. martinicense, G. cf. weberianum, and T. colossus constitutively produced chlamydospores on malt extract agar, and these species were the only species to survive long-term exposure (30 or 40 d) to 40 C. We hypothesize that chlamydospores function as survival structures that serve as propagules resilient to adverse temperature conditions, especially heat. Cultural characteristics of G. martinicense, G. ravenelii, G. tuberculosum, and G. cf. weberianum collected from the United States are described for the first time.
机译：真菌的文化特征可以为研究一组密切相关的物种的生物学和生态学提供有用的信息，但这些特征往往忽略了订单多肽。最佳温度和生长速率数据也可以是培养真菌的菌株选择的实用性，例如Reishi（即Laccate Ganoderma物种）和Ganoderma物种引起的对接腐烂疾病的潜在新颖的管理策略（例如，日晒）。从历史上看，稀释物（闪亮）灵芝物种的分类物种已经未解决，并且许多物种已作为G. lucidum治疗。需要来自美国的灵芝种类的文化特征，以了解这些独特物种的生物学，这些物种都被当场被占据了这个名字。培养形态，平均增长率，最佳温度和升高的温度暴露的弹性的特征在于来自美国东部的灵芝，包括Ganodermataceae Taxa，包括Ganoderma Curtisii，G.Martinicense，G.Meredithiae，G. Ravenelii，G.术。Tsugae，G. Tuberculosum，G.CF. Weberianum，G. Zonatum和Topophagus Colossus。我们记录了线性增长率的差异和分类群之间的最佳温度。 G.术术和T.巨型的分离物增长了最快的，而G.Meredithiae，G. Ravenelii和G. Tsugae的孤立含量最慢。孤立的G.无梗，G. Martinicense，G.CF. Weberianum和T.Croossus在麦芽提取物琼脂上组成了衣原体衣原体，这些物种是唯一生存长期暴露（30或40d）至40℃的物种。我们假设莎湿孢子物作为存活结构的起作用，用作宣传的繁殖结构不利的温度条件，特别是热量。 G. Martinicense，G. Ravenelii，G. Tuberculosum和G.CF的文化特征从美国收集的Weberianum首次描述。

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