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The Enchytraeus crypticus stress metabolome - CuO NM case study

机译：Chychytraeus Crypticus胁迫代谢物 - Cuo nm案例研究

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The stress metabolome provides a thorough insight into the signals and hence mechanisms of response of organisms. This is an excellent tool to advance the understanding of interactions, especially for substances like nanomaterials (NMs), for which there is an urgent need for alternative methods for hazard assessment. The metabolome of Enchytraeus crypticus was studied for the first time. The case study, CuO NM (and CuCl2) covered exposure along a time frame [0-7-14days (d)] and two reproduction effect concentrations (EC10 and EC50). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based method (HPLC-MS) was used, with reversed phase (RP) separation and mass spectrometric detection in positive and negative modes. Metabolite profiling of Cu materials yielded 155 and 382 metabolite features in positive and negative modes, respectively, showing an expression related with time, material, and ECx. The number of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) decreased with exposure time (14 d) for CuO NM, whereas for CuCl2 EC50 it increased. Overall, almost all DEMs are down-regulated for CuO NM and up-regulated for CuCl2 (both modes). Early effects were mainly related to amino acids and later to lysophospholipids (down-regulation). Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of CuO NM toxicity (e.g. neurotransmission, nucleic acids generation, cellular energy, and immune defense) differ from CuCl2, where later metabolomic responses are mostly linked to the metabolism of lipids and fewer to amino acids. This study reports a large scale metabolome profiling for E. crypticus and identifies potential markers of Cu materials, which can help to align intelligent testing strategies and safer-by-design materials.
机译：压力代谢物提供了对信号的全面洞察，因此有机体反应的机制。这是一个优秀的工具，用于推进对相互作用的理解，特别是对于纳米材料（NMS）等物质，迫切需要妨碍评估的替代方法。第一次研究了eNchytraeus crypticus的代谢物。案例研究，CuO NM（和CUCL2）沿时间框架覆盖曝光[0-7-14days（d）]和两个再现效应浓度（EC10和EC50）。基于高效液相色谱 - 质谱法的方法（HPLC-MS），具有反相（RP）分离和质谱检测正面和负模式。 Cu材料的代谢物分析分别产生155和382个阳性和阴性模式的代谢物特征，显示与时间，材料和ECX相关的表达。差异表达的代谢物（DEMS）的数量随着CUO NM的暴露时间（14d）而降低，而对于CUCL2 EC50增加。总体而言，几乎所有DEM都被对CUO NM的并对CUCL2（两种模式）上调。早期效果主要与氨基酸和后面的溶血磷脂（下调）有关。此外，CuO NM毒性的潜在机制（例如神经递血，核酸产生，细胞能量和免疫防御）不同于CuCl2，其中后来代谢反应主要与脂质的代谢和较少的氨基酸相连。本研究报告了大规模的代谢物质分析.CryptiCus并识别Cu材料的潜在标志，这有助于对准智能测试策略和更安全的设计材料。

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