Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern

Mayerl Jochen; Best Henning

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Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern

机译：两个环保主义世界？职业主义，国家财富与环境关怀复杂关系的实证分析

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This article examines cross-cultural differences in the value cluster of environmentalism and postmaterialism. Based on an extension of Ronald Inglehart's "objective problems-subjective values" hypothesis, we posit different sources of postmaterialism and environmental concern in wealthy versus poor countries. We test hypotheses on the relationship between national wealth, postmaterialist values, and environmental concern using empirical data from the World Values Survey waves 5 and 6 and the International Social Survey Program 2010. Using multilevel regression models with cross-level interaction terms and country fixed effects, we show that the effect of postmaterialism on environmental concern is indeed moderated by national wealth: whereas there is a weak or even no effect in poorer countries, the relationship is substantial in wealthy countries. Therefore, we argue that individual postmaterialist values and environmental concern do in fact form a coherent structure in wealthy countries, but should be considered as isolated constructs in poorer countries.

机译：本文探讨了环保主义和逾椅活动的跨文化差异。基于罗纳德·尼勒哈特的“客观问题 - 主观价值观”假设的延伸，我们在富裕与贫穷国家的百货职位主义和环境问题中提供了不同的不同来源。我们使用来自世界价值调查波5和6的经验数据和2010年国际社会调查计划的经验数据测试了对国家财富，我们表明，国家财富确实调节了逾椅主义对环境关注的影响：而较贫穷的国家，较贫穷国家有弱甚至没有影响，这一关系在富裕国家是大量的。因此，我们争辩说，个人的后超级主义价值观和环境问题实际上在富裕国家形成了一致的结构，但应该被视为较贫穷国家的孤立构建体。

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《Nature + culture》 |2018年第2期|共24页
作者
Mayerl Jochen; Best Henning;
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作者单位

TU Kaiserslautern Sch Social Sci Methods Empir Social Res Kaiserslautern Germany;

TU Kaiserslautern Sch Social Sci Sociol &

Social Stratificat Kaiserslautern Germany;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
environmental concern; International Social Survey Program; national wealth; postmaterialism; varieties of environmentalism; World Values Survey;

机译：环境关注;国际社会调查计划;国家财富;逾椅主义;环境主义品种;世界价值观调查;

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1. Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern [J] . Mayerl Jochen, Best Henning Nature + culture . 2018,第2期

机译：两个环保主义世界？职业主义，国家财富与环境关怀复杂关系的实证分析
2. Quality of government and the relationship between environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior: a cross-national study [J] . Kulin Joakim, Seva Ingemar Johansson Environmental Politics . 2021,第5期

机译：政府质量以及环境关怀与促进环境行为的关系：跨国研究
3. Blaming the Government for Environmental Problems: A Multilevel and Cross-National Analysis of the Relationship Between Trust in Government and Local and Global Environmental Concerns [J] . Cin Cigdem Kentmen Environment & Behavior . 2013,第8期

机译：指责政府解决环境问题：对政府信任与地方和全球环境关切之间关系的多层次和跨国分析
4. The Relationship Between Zhejiang Province Environmental Regulation and International Trade: An Empirical Research [C] . ZHENG Jiangxin, HU Qiuguang Proceedings of ninth international forum - international trade and investment . 2012

机译：浙江省环境法规与国际贸易关系的实证研究
5. Empirical analyses of international environmental problems. [D] . Wagner, Ulrich J. 2006

机译：对国际环境问题的实证分析。
6. Environmental Perceptions of Rural South African Residents: The Complex Nature of Environmental Concern [O] . Lori M. Hunter, Susie Strife, Wayne Twine -1

机译：农村南非居民的环境感知：环境问题的复杂性
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Study of the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Product Use and Environmental Concern [R] . Poulton, J. M. 2010

机译：亲环境产品使用与环境关注的关系研究

Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern

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