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The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function

机译:尼古丁和非尼古丁吸烟因子对工作记忆和相关脑功能的影响

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摘要

Smoking abstinence impairs executive function, which may promote continued smoking behavior and relapse. The differential influence of nicotine and non-nicotine (i.e. sensory, motor) smoking factors and related neural substrates is not known. In a fully factorial, within-subjects design, 33 smokers underwent fMRI scanning following 24 hours of wearing a nicotine or placebo patch while smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes or remaining abstinent from smoking. During scanning, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal was acquired while participants performed a verbal N-back task. Following 24-hour placebo (versus nicotine) administration, accuracy on the N-back task was significantly worse and task-related BOLD signal lower in dorsomedial frontal cortex. These effects were observed irrespective of smoking. Our data provide novel evidence that abstinence-induced deficits in working memory and changes in underlying brain function are due in large part to abstinence from nicotine compared with non-nicotine factors. This work has implications both for designing interventions that target abstinence-induced cognitive deficits and for nicotine-reduction policy.
机译:戒烟会削弱执行功能,这可能会促进持续的吸烟行为和复发。尼古丁和非尼古丁(即感觉,运动)吸烟因子和相关神经基质的差异影响尚不清楚。在完全因果关系的受试者内部设计中,当吸烟者尼古丁含量低或仍戒烟时,佩戴尼古丁或安慰剂贴片24小时后,对33名吸烟者进行了功能磁共振成像扫描。在扫描过程中,参与者进行口头N背任务时获取了血液氧合水平依赖性(BOLD)信号。服用24小时安慰剂(与尼古丁相比)后,背部背额皮层中N背任务的准确性显着降低,与任务相关的BOLD信号降低。无论吸烟如何,都观察到了这些效果。我们的数据提供了新颖的证据,与非尼古丁因素相比,禁欲引起的工作记忆不足和基础脑功能的变化在很大程度上归因于尼古丁的禁欲。这项工作对设计针对禁欲引起的认知缺陷的干预措施以及减少尼古丁的政策都具有意义。

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